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美元不再“美” 人民币有点强

2017-08-29 09:07:22   中国经济网

昨日欧洲交易时段,美元指数盘中最低触及92.3853,较年初高点103.822下跌超过11%;与之对应的是,欧元兑美元从年初低点1.0493升至1.1959,区间累计最大涨幅接近14%。

“今年以来美国复苏放缓,而欧元区经济回升更为稳固;政治方面,特朗普新政推行远低于预期,荷兰、法国等大选政治风险排除,又引发市场对于欧央行退出宽松的猜想。因而,美元指数半年内从103迅速回落到93左右,大多数其他主要货币对美元也都有明显涨幅,而人民币涨幅远低于同期除港币外的其他货币,人民币的近期飙升也存在补涨因素的驱动。”海通证券最新研报指出。

分析人士认为,综合全球经济态势来看,即便美联储启动缩表或加息,对美元指数的提振作用亦有限,而欧元升值对美元反弹的阻力较大,后续美元指数可能仍面临一定下行压力。

申万宏源证券指出,近期经济数据显示,欧元区制造业持续向好,为经济稳健复苏提供重要支持,从而对欧元区核心通胀中枢抬升形成支撑;而美国PMI、耐用品订单、地产销量等经济数据普遍低于市场预期,显示其经济复苏仍然疲弱,核心通胀尚未见到趋势改善的驱动因素。对应到汇率方面,美元指数可能仍面临一定下行压力,欧元兑美元预计震荡上行,人民币兑美元汇率预计仍将稳中小幅走强。

值得注意的是,下周欧央行将召开9月议息会议,这可能是2017年全球最重要的一次央行议息会议。中金公司预计,欧央行将在此次议息会议上宣布QE减量,即2018年1月开始将QE资产购买力度从目前的600亿欧元/月,削减至200-400亿欧元/月。

中金公司认为,中长期看,在全球增长与货币政策“趋同”的背景下,欧元区与美国的“增长差”及“货币政策差”将持续收窄,欧元对美元汇率存在明显的升值压力。

人民币内外支撑增强

分析人士指出,目前市场对欧元将继续走强、美元整体偏弱的预期基本一致,而在中国经济基本面稳中向好的环境下,人民币企稳升值预期已进一步增强,年内人民币兑美元汇率仍有望延续稳中偏强的走势。

从外围因素来看,中信证券指出,今年以来美元名义有效汇率的走弱更多反映的是全球经济同步复苏,尤其是非美经济体相对美国更为强劲的复苏,未来只要这种趋势延续,美元就不太可能恢复强势。从国内基本面来看,国泰君安证券宏观研究团队表示,8月以来,房地产销售小幅改善,土地供应大幅上升,将为财政收入和内需提供持续动力,房地产投资、基建投资增速仍然可能超预期平稳;发电耗煤加速,主要中游工业品价格持续分化,上游工业品价格上涨,菜价猪价均上涨。8月经济动能较好,三季度或再超预期。在内外因素支撑下,人民币汇率对美元有望保持稳定甚至继续小幅升值。

“四季度人民币或进一步升值。”民生证券表示,一方面,年中套保合同到期重新定价,年初(套保半年)或去年年中(套保一年)实体企业普遍看贬人民币,因此套保合同远期大多为看贬,此轮升值将以实际收益逆转的方式改变企业预期,将会触发套保与结售汇实盘的双预期改变,从基本面由下至上的通过内盘市场供求触发人民币贬值预期的分化;另一方面,外盘下半年欧元仍有进一步货币紧缩定价的空间,美元反弹阻力较大,人民币外围压力缓和,甚至受到欧元升值的间接联动有一定的升值压力。

不过,华创证券分析师认为,种种迹象表明,即使7月人民币对美元快速升值,人民币贬值预期仍没有显著扭转。在美元指数已有触底迹象,下半年仍将缩表、加息的背景下,美元指数的疲弱态势难以长期持续,全球主流央行逐渐收紧货币政策的预期也使得人民币兑一篮子货币汇率难以持续升值,因此就此判断人民币汇率已经迎来拐点为时过早。

海通证券进一步指出,长期来看,国内经济仍然存在下行压力,人民币汇率仍会有贬值压力,汇率的真正企稳还是要依靠国内经济基本面的切实改善、资产泡沫的消化和货币政策的稳健中性。

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