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推动国企实现股权多元化治理结构

2017-08-28 09:45:53   新华网

国企杠杆率高的直接原因是,国企主要集中在重资产、高杠杆、产能过剩的行业。市场化、法治化“债转股”,可在短期内减少国企债务“借新还旧”的规模,降低金融体系的资金压力,从而减轻金融高利率与实体低回报的冲突,助力金融去杠杆。

去杠杆是供给侧结构性改革的五大任务之一,一直受到党中央、国务院的高度重视。然而,相比去产能任务完成的速度和成效,去杠杆却进展缓慢,尤其是国企。

从五年一度的全国金融工作会议提出,要把国有企业降杠杆作为重中之重,到国有企业高杠杆被政府定义为五大“灰犀牛”之一,再到近日的国务院常务会议上,总理再次强调将央企去杠杆工作作为“重中之重”,国企高杠杆问题受到相当大的重视。

为何国企“去杠杆”作为重中之重被提出并强调?去杠杆的几种手段效果如何?今后将如何推进?接受证券时报记者采访的专家表示,国企的负债率高会引发系统性金融风险,国企债务是中国经济的痛点。当前央企效益由降转升,要抓住有利时机。此外,债转股的核心是“以时间换空间”,在杠杆率阶段性降下来之后,必当辅之以加快推进国企治理机制的改革。

国企去杠杆乃重中之重

在中央将去杠杆作为供给侧结构性改革“三去一降一补”五大任务之一后,国有企业正在加快降低资产负债率。

加杠杆易,去杠杆难。数据显示,截至今年7月末,国企资产总额144.895万亿元,同比增长11.2%;负债总额95.26万亿元,同比增长11.3%;由此计算得出的国企总体资产负债率为65.74%,与去年12月末相比下降0.34个百分点。

尽管国企杠杆率已经稳中有降,但下降幅度不大。

“负债率下降,一方面是去产能、处置僵尸企业带来的间接效果;另一方面是上半年国企盈利状况好转、资产增加。”中国国企研究院研究员李锦表示,不过国企负债率下降得并不多。目前我国企业杠杆率过高的局面还未得到根本扭转,不少企业还处在财务负担重、债务风险高的困难境地。

国企杠杆率高企不是近一两年才发生的,去杠杆也进行了不短时间,但特别强调“国企去杠杆”是重中之重还是今年开始。

李锦指出,从财务风险的角度,资产负债率超过40%便是高,国企的负债率这么高,控制不好会引发系统性金融风险。国企债务是中国经济的痛点。因此,破解国有企业高杠杆困境,成为当下的重中之重。

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