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基层治理现代化的实现路径

2017-08-28 10:21:06   中国青年网

原标题:基层治理现代化的实现路径

党的十八届三中全会提出要全面深化改革,完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。前不久,中共中央、国务院又做出《关于加强和完善城乡社区治理的意见》,旨在全面提升城乡社区治理法治化、科学化、精细化水平和组织化程度,促进城乡社区治理体系和治理能力现代化。由此来看,国家治理现代化、基层治理现代化箭在弦上。因此,加快基层治理现代化已刻不容缓。

基层治理现代化的现状

基层治理现代化的最大现状是:一是基层管理者认识上的滞后,认为只有经济发展了才能谈得上治理,或者说只要经济实力强了治理问题就会迎刃而解,治理的现代化自然就实现了。二是基层管理者偏向性选择,实行“一切以考核为依据”的选择性治理办法,特别是涉及“一票否决”或是考核占分高的领域,就全力以赴。三是集体行动的组织困扰,基层管理者和基层民众在涉及公共利益和公共事务时,价值取向各异,外部性和“搭便车”现象突出,基层治理的各方主体无法形成协调有效的集体行动。四是基层治理现代化实践与顶层设计的偏离,顶层设计和基层实践中缺少桥梁,导致基层探索与顶层设计不能实现良性互动,甚至反向驱动,使基层治理现代化受到影响。五是基层政府和组织职能不清晰,基层政府职能重点不清晰,往往是大而全,大而不优,责任成为无限责任,导致基层群众无论什么事情都来找政府,给基层工作带来了很大压力,牵扯了基层工作人员太多的精力。

出现这种现状的主要原因:一是现代治理理念欠缺,偏重于管理和控制,关注物重于关注人。二是现代治理制度不完善,传统的制度没有有效地修复和利用,新的制度尚未成熟和完善。三是治理主体的素质能力有待提高,存在基层组织软弱涣散、凝聚力和行动力不够的问题,还存在基层干部视野狭隘、知识层次和结构难以适应现代化要求的问题。四是顶层设计和基层治理缺乏桥梁,两者不能形成良性互动,导致实际操作困难重重,影响了管理成效。五是基层治理体系现代化有待完善,政府主导、公民参与、社会协同不能实现良性互动,有效体系尚未完全建立和成熟,有待进一步完善。

基层治理现代化的制约因素

一是动力因素。基层管理缺乏动力,主动性不足,积极性、创造性不够,治理基本上是被动式、应付式,基层政府首先考虑的是对上负责问题,主要精力和资源用在完成上级下达的任务上、用在地方经济发展上,忽视本应承担和履行的社会责任。

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