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金融监管要摒弃“父爱主义”

2017-08-20 13:59:32   中国经济网

“坚持‘监管姓监’的正确定位,厘清监管和发展关系,彻底摒弃本位主义和‘父爱主义’。”近日,在保险资产管理业助力实体经济发展研讨会上,保监会副主席陈文辉如是指示保险资金运用监管工作。

我们注意到这是不到一个月内,陈文辉两次提出要彻底摒弃“父爱主义”,而这也是金融监管高层首次提出这样的表述。我们认为,不仅保监会,整个金融监管都须要摒弃父爱主义。

7月24日召开的中共中央政治局会议首次点出“金融乱象”的存在,我们认为这与分业监管体制下,监管部门“父爱主义”导致监管缺位不无关系。一直以来,我国金融业发展比较落后,金融体制不适应经济改革和发展形势的需要,由此金融改革和发展被提上重要议程,这些重任也落在监管者身上。而在分业监管体制之下,金融监管部门既要筹谋各自监管领域的改革发展,又要紧抓监管,有时候为了促进行业发展,会选择监管让步于发展,而发展也掩盖了一些风险,使得隐患积累。

以保险业为例,过去几年保险业取得的成绩可谓靓丽,行业保费收入增速连续多年保持20%以上,这背后得益于监管政策的一系列松绑,不过保险行业发展背后藏有风险隐患不小。在过去三四年时间,万能险被部分中小险企玩坏,打着保险的旗号,行销售理财产品之实,使得居民可支配资金滚滚流入保险,造成保险业的“非理性繁荣”,也引发其他金融机构人士“监管套利”的诘问。同时,在经济中低速增长以及低息环境下,万能险的资产配置难度加大,面临利差损以及信用违约等风险。而在万能险激增以及在资本市场频频举牌过程中,监管政策的出台是明显滞后,这背后难免会有对行业发展的呵护考虑。

其实,证券市场上也存在相似的情况。2015年A股迎来一波牛市,包括银行理财、场外配资在内的各路热钱涌入股市,一时间成交量破万亿,股市的表面繁荣,或为各界所喜闻乐见,而这背后风险隐患却在逐渐积累,特别高杠杆配资资金风险被监管所忽视,等到监管层下定决心来处置风险时,却陷入困境步步被动。

值得欣慰的是,监管已经在反思和行动,一行三会正在对各自监管领域内的违法违规行为进行整治,所采取的举措包括但不限于开罚单、市场禁入和牌照吊销等。

正如中财办主任刘鹤在为《21世纪金融监管》中文版所作序言中指出的,金融监管要“长牙齿”,不能只说不做。金融监管者不能只靠风险提示或道义劝说实施监管,在巨大的利益面前监管机构的口头警告充其量不过是纸上谈兵。

他同时提到,要进一步强化行动的意愿,敢于质疑、能够说“不”,拒绝监管上的“父爱主义”,提高依法监管的执行力。监管者认识到这一点对于治理金融乱象,维护金融业健康稳定发展尤为重要。

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