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北美自贸协定开启首轮谈判

2017-08-18 14:16:45   中国经济网

参加重谈北美自由贸易协定的美国、加拿大、墨西哥代表16日齐聚华盛顿,开启修改这一23年前生效的区域自贸协定的首轮谈判,但三方意见分歧令谈判前景阴云密布。

据法新社报道,墨西哥和加拿大代表均肯定了北美自由贸易协定的成功,希望对这一协定进行一些修改和改进,但美国却坚持对该协定进行大规模更新。

美国贸易代表莱特希泽16日在谈判开始前表示,美国贸易逆差和工作岗位流失是美国在谈判中的重大关切。美国贸易代表办公室不久前发布的谈判目标报告也说,减少美国对墨加两国的贸易逆差,是特朗普政府重谈北美自贸协定的优先目标。

莱特希泽在首轮谈判的开幕式上表示,他非常赞同特朗普总统在北美自由贸易协定重谈方面的立场,特朗普并不是希望只修改协定中的某些条款,或只是更新若干章节。他表示,很多美国人并没有从北美自由贸易协定中受益,需要对其进行重大改进。

强调保护美国制造业就业岗位的特朗普曾多次表达对北美自由贸易协定的反感。他今年4月曾说:“我非常反感北美自贸协定。我觉得对于美国来说,北美自贸协定一直是一项灾难性的贸易协定。它让加拿大和墨西哥伤害我们。”特朗普之前曾表示要退出该贸易协定,但最终态度有所缓和,决定与加墨重谈该协定。

对于美国颇具保护主义意味的谈判姿态,墨西哥则希望能继续加强北美地区竞争力、促进地区贸易包容性、推动北美地区贸易投资等。参与此次谈判的墨西哥经济部长伊尔德方索·瓜哈尔多表示,北美自由贸易谈判对于美加墨三方来说都取得了巨大的成功,推翻那些有效的措施绝不是改进协定的方式。近期民调显示,大多数墨西哥人希望保留这一自由贸易协定。墨西哥政府希望能够保留对美国和加拿大的出口优惠待遇,墨西哥约85%的出口都去往美国和加拿大。

参加此轮磋商的加拿大外交部长克里斯蒂娅·弗里兰表示,贸易并不是一场“零和游戏”,不应用贸易逆差来否定一项自由贸易协定的成功;加拿大的目标是促进那些有效的措施,并进行改进以使协定取得更大成功。加拿大政府14日公布了重谈的主要诉求,包括更严格的劳工保障和环境标准、更多开放政府采购市场、促进专业技术人才流动、保护加拿大奶业和家禽业、保留规范的反倾销流程等。

美加墨三国缔结的北美自贸协定1994年生效,降低或消除了大部分商品关税,并催生了全球最大自由贸易区之一。经济学家普遍认为,这一协定在促进三国贸易和投资、促进国际产业分工等方面具有积极意义。不过,这一协定也面临升级需求,因为三国经济在过去20多年里发生巨大变化,很多全新领域如数字经济、服务业、知识产权、劳工保护等都需被纳入新协议。此次谈判中,美加墨三方均同意对该协定进行更新,增加有关电子商务等内容的章节,并更多关注服务贸易等内容。

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