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阴云密布 北美自贸协定在分歧中开启重谈大幕

2017-08-17 17:06:17   中国青年网

新华社华盛顿8月16日电(记者金旼旼 高攀)参加重谈北美自由贸易协定的美国、加拿大、墨西哥代表16日齐聚华盛顿,开启修改这一23年前生效的区域自贸协定的首轮谈判,但三方意见分歧令谈判前景阴云密布。

美加墨三国缔结的北美自贸协定1994年生效,降低或消除了大部分商品关税,并催生了全球最大自由贸易区之一。经济学家普遍认为,这一协定在促进三国贸易和投资、促进国际产业分工等方面具有积极意义。

不过,这一协定也面临升级需求,因为三国经济在过去20多年里发生巨大变化,很多全新领域如数字经济、服务业、知识产权、劳工保护等都需被纳入新协议。

8月16日,在美国华盛顿,美国贸易代表莱特希泽(左)、加拿大外长弗里兰(中)和墨西哥经济部长伊尔德方索·瓜哈尔多出席北美自贸协定谈判。 (新华社发 沈霆摄)

但这些内容并非美国发起重谈的主要目的。强调保护美国制造业就业岗位的美国总统特朗普曾多次表达对这一协定的反感。他今年4月曾说:“我非常反感北美自贸协定。我觉得对于美国来说,北美自贸协定一直是一项灾难性的贸易协定。它让加拿大和墨西哥伤害我们。”

美国贸易代表莱特希泽16日在谈判开始前表示,美国贸易逆差和工作岗位流失是美国在谈判中的重大关切。美国贸易代表办公室不久前发布的谈判目标报告也说,减少美国对墨加两国的贸易逆差,是特朗普政府重谈北美自贸协定的优先目标。

美国贸易代表莱特希泽(中)出席北美自贸协定谈判。 (新华社发 沈霆摄)

对于美国颇具保护主义意味的谈判姿态,墨西哥则希望能继续加强北美地区竞争力、促进地区贸易包容性、推动北美地区贸易投资等。

联合国拉加经委会执行秘书阿莉西亚·巴尔塞纳15日表示,墨西哥在北美自贸协定重谈过程中应“立场坚定”,坚持北美地区一体化,反对贸易保护主义措施。她认为,如果北美自贸协定重谈不能取得成果,美国可能会比墨西哥损失更多。

墨西哥经济部长伊尔德方索·瓜哈尔多(右二)出席北美自贸协定谈判。(新华社发 沈霆摄)

加拿大政府14日也公布了重谈的主要诉求,包括更严格的劳工保障和环境标准、更多开放政府采购市场、促进专业技术人才流动、保护加拿大奶业和家禽业、保留规范的反倾销流程等。

加拿大外长弗里兰出席北美自贸协定谈判。(新华社发 沈霆摄)

分析人士预计,三方在美国贸易逆差、争端解决机制、原产地规则等问题上分歧较为严重。美国智库彼得森国际经济研究所资深研究员兼名誉所长弗雷德·伯格斯滕说:“首轮谈判可能非常激烈。”

该研究所高级研究员杰弗里·肖特对新华社记者说:“很多问题将被摆到谈判桌上,并且下一轮谈论中很可能还会加入更多。”

由于墨西哥和美国明年将分别举行总统选举和国会中期选举,因此此前美国和墨西哥均表示希望在明年年初之前完成谈判。不过,观察人士普遍对能否实现这一目标表示怀疑。(新华社客户端)

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