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新电改首例电价垄断案:地方火电企业“螳臂”难挡市场化

2017-08-04 10:17:09   中国经济网

每经实习记者 苏杰德 每经编辑 陈旭

电改“9号文”出台已超两年,电力市场化改革中也伴随着诸多利益博弈,山西发电企业价格垄断协议案就是典型。

该案中,山西几乎所有发电企业都被卷入,23家电企集团共同协商直供电交易价格,实施直供电价格垄断协议。

“此次发改委依法治理山西电力市场,对电改推进,克服电改阻力开了一个好头。”华北电力大学教授曾鸣认为,山西这些电企作为供应方,联手操纵价格,是一种比较典型的合谋操纵方法。电改目的是通过市场竞争产生效益,而不公平竞争、寡头竞争等会使效益大打折扣。

处罚垄断为电改清障

在电力市场化改革中,山西当地煤电企业的应对方法是合谋协商直供电交易价格,该行为遭到了国家发改委的处罚。在电改的深入期,发改委的处罚无疑具有重大意义。

曾鸣认为,山西这些发电企业作为供应方,联手操纵价格,是一种比较典型的合谋操纵方法。电力作为一种特殊商品,市场化进程本身就比较难,如果出现人为操纵的情况,就更容易出现波折。

2015年3月,《中共中央国务院关于进一步深化电力体制改革的若干意见》(“9号文”)出台,同年六大配套文件紧随发出。根据电改“9号文”,此次电改的重点和途径是:在进一步完善政企分开、厂网分开、主辅分开的基础上,按照“管住中间、放开两头”的体制架构,有序放开输配以外的竞争性环节电价,有序向社会资本放开配售电业务,有序放开公益性和调节性以外的发用电计划,推进交易机构相对独立,规范运行,进一步强化政府监管,进一步强化电力统筹规划,强化电力安全高效运行和可靠供应。

“9号文”的主要精神就在于“放开两头,管住中间”。两头的发电企业和用户可以通过市场竞争的方式来决定电价,而中间的电网既然是自然垄断行业,就单给电网的输电定一个价格——这个价格就是按照“准许成本加合理收益”确定的输配电价。

发电企业属于放开的两头之一。在山西电改垄断中,山西当地几乎所有发电企业都被卷入,23家发电企业集团共同协商直供电交易价格,实施了直供电价格协议。

曾鸣认为,此次发改委依法治理山西电力市场,对克服电改阻力开了一个好头。这些企业被罚会促进电力市场健康发展,有助于让市场效益发挥出来,更加公平透明。

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