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桂浩明谈A股下半年走势:向上动力有限

2017-06-19 17:01:37   

股市在4月份高开低走,到了5月份还是跌势不止,并且在5月中旬创出了3016点的年内新低。沪深两市中甚至有上千个股票的价格曾一度跌破去年年初“两天四熔断”时的位置。进入六月份也未见明显向上动能。那么,下半年行情会如何呢?

作者 桂浩明(申万宏源证券研究所市场研究总监、中新经纬特约专家)

近期这一波行情的出现与银根的收紧有密切的关系。早在去年年底的时候,银监会就开始清理商业银行的“委外”业务。今年年初,保监会也启动了对保险公司“万能险”业务的整顿。到了二季度,证监会则对券商的“通道”业务提出了明确的要求。这些举措的核心指向都是去杠杆,推动资金脱虚。虽然从操作层面来说,那些受到影响的资金,主要是投向固定收益品种的,与股市并没有太多的关系。但问题是,紧缩政策的实施,将会在债券市场上引起很大的震动,使得债券价格普遍下跌,而收益率则大幅度上升。10年期国债的收益率一度攀上了3.7%的高位,较一年前整整提高了100多个基点。而10年期国债利率的波动具有市场风向标的作用,如此一来,股市也就不能不受到冲击。当债券收益率较前期大幅度提高以后,股市投资者必然要求有更高的风险补偿,在上市公司业绩难以得到有效改善的情况下,就只能以下调估值来维持平衡了。

问题还在于,在个股大面积下跌的时候,部分市场力量风险偏好下降,采取了“抱团取暖”的做法,将资金腾挪到少数大盘蓝筹股上,这样一来在市场上就出现了较为极端的“一九现象”。虽然上证指数下跌不算太多,上证50指数甚至还有所上涨,但绝大多数股票都深幅下跌。对于这种格局,市场反应是复杂的,有人认为这是正常的价值回归,但有更多的人认为这带来了结构失衡,并且也不利于经济调结构的推进,对广大投资者也构成伤害。而随着后一种声音的不断放大,股市所发生的风险也受到越来越多人的关注,这也就是从5月底开始,管理层出台严格限制解禁限售股流通以及放缓新股发行节奏等政策的背景。

时下,随着相关政策出台,外加很多个股本身跌幅很大,大盘出现了企稳反弹的态势。在连续下跌三个月之后,市场的做空能量在相当程度上得到了释放,那么股市是否能够就此酝酿反弹呢?马上就要进入下半年了,股市能否也随之出现转机呢?在此,我们不妨做些分析。

前面已经提到,上半年股市的下跌,与资金面关系很大,而现在,虽然局面有所缓和,但远谈不上宽松。在金融企业纷纷去杠杆的背景下,进入股市的资金渠道以及规模都会受到限制。这就决定了下半年的股市,基本上还是处于一个存量博弈的状态,在没有相应增量资金参与的情况下,行情向上的动力是有限的。但是,由于管理层采取了一些措施,市场上股票的供应量相应减少,而且有关方面也在积极设法引导场外长线资金入市,在这样的预期下,下半年市场的资金格局可能会比上半年有些许的好转。在大盘总体还是处于低位的情况下,这种好转也许能够推动行情往上走那么一段。

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