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“月面微型生态圈”将随嫦娥四号登陆月球试种土豆

2017-06-14 09:50:07   新华社

新华社重庆6月13日电(记者 谷训)记者近日从重庆大学获悉,由教育部深空探测联合研究中心组织,重庆大学牵头的科普载荷“月面微型生态圈”将作为嫦娥四号的“乘客”之一,于2018年登陆月球表面,进行人类首次月面生物实验。

“月面微型生态圈”是一个由特殊铝合金材料制成的圆柱形“罐子”,高18厘米,直径16厘米,净容积约0.8升,总重量3公斤。小“罐子”里乾坤大,里面将放置马铃薯种子、拟南芥种子、蚕卵、土壤、水、空气以及照相机和信息传输系统等科研设备。

科学家将在这个小空间里创造动植物生长环境,实现生态循环。在真空、微重力、极端温差的外界条件下,“月面微型生态圈”内将保持1到30摄氏度,以及适当的湿度,并通过光导管引进月球表面自然光线,创造植物生长环境。

植物通过光合作用产生碳水化合物和氧气,供蚕“消费”;蚕的生长过程则产生出植物所需的二氧化碳和粪便等养料。在“月面微型生态圈”登月的100天里,它将实现微型生态循环。

此次月面生物实验的目标是在月球表面实现动植物的一个生命周期。根据100天的实验期限,科学家选定了马铃薯、拟南芥和蚕。这两种植物将生根发芽,开出月球表面第一朵花。同时,马铃薯还可作为人类太空生存食物来源,其实验价值更加重大。蚕卵则将在生态圈中完成虫卵孵化、幼虫生长发育和破茧成蝶的完整生命周期。届时,这项生物实验将通过小型照相机,向全球直播。

教育部深空探测联合研究中心主任设计师张元勋说,该实验项目的主要技术难点在于复杂月面环境下的温度控制和能源供给。温控方面,通过外穿保温层和内置空调来提供保障。能源方面,白天利用嫦娥四号太阳能电池板整体供电,夜晚通过高能量密度的内置电池供电,以保障空调、摄像机和信息传输系统的运行。

与去年NASA空间站开出的外太空第一朵花不同,本次“月面微型生态圈”实验位置距离地球38万公里,比离地300多公里的国际空间站遥远得多,所处月面环境也比国际空间站内部复杂得多。

“月面微型生态圈”总设计师、教育部深空探测联合研究中心副主任谢更新表示,这项实验极具突破性,对人类未来在地外星球生存具有重大意义。

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