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中国空巢和独居老人近1亿 银发产业亟须补足短板

2017-06-14 09:49:29   工人日报

今年75岁的刘能珲大爷居住在重庆璧山青杠老年颐养中心。“儿女们工作太忙,连个说话的人都没有,很难受。在这里,吃得好,睡得好,环境又好,生活很巴适。”但是刘大爷十分享受的养老院生活,并非每个重庆老人都能拥有。

张斌 摄/中新社

重庆市民政局数据显示:截至目前,全市共有各类养老机构1426所,养老床位20.7万张,千名老人拥有床位30.5张。但是,一方面公办机构依然是一床难求,另一方面民营机构空置率高。重庆市有600多万超过60岁的老年人,有超过15%的老人希望到养老机构度过晚年,现有床位的紧张程度可想而知。为此,政府和社会需要在现有基础上再增加70多万张床位。

养老已经不仅仅是个社会福利问题,而是一个严重的社会问题。而未来的养老产业具有极强的带动性,一旦养老服务产业供给提高,现代养老服务业就会成为我国发展新型服务业的一个增长点,带动医疗、护理、医疗器械等产业的发展,为我国经济转型提供支撑。

养老服务机构和设施是亟待补足的短板

“2016年末,我国60周岁及以上老年人口已经达到2.3亿,占到总人口的16%多。目前,我国空巢和独居老年人已经接近1亿人,家庭养老功能弱化亟待社会养老补位。”这是《中国养老产业发展白皮书》 中披露的一组数据。

“在老龄化进程中,高龄老年人以及失能、半失能老年人数量的持续快速增长,对家庭和社会的养老功能提出了更高的挑战。”根据白皮书统计数据,目前,我国80岁以上的老年人达2400多万,失能、半失能老人近4000万人;预计到2050年以后,我国80岁以上的高龄老人将会保持在1亿人这个规模上。而老年人口数量将超过4亿人,平均每3个人中就有1个老年人。

值得注意的是,我国“少子化”危机迫在眉睫,老者增多,而青壮者渐减,养老问题愈发严峻。

白皮书认为,我国高龄老人和失能、半失能老人占比较高,医养结合的养老服务需求迫切,基于高龄老人和失能老人的身体和健康状况,需要具有较强针对性的、专业性的、医养结合的长期护理服务,养老服务机构和设施是我国亟待补足的短板。

根据白皮书预测,“十三五”期间,国内每千名老年人拥有的养老床位数量计划增至3~40张,拥有30%~50%的增长空间。在巨大的市场需求面前,房地产企业、保险机构和医药健康企业基于自身的资产优势,以及产业关联优势,正积极布局养老服务机构,着力构建以客户为中心的养老产业链。

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