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以租赁破题多层次住房供应体系

2017-05-25 09:56:42   经济参考报

原标题:以租赁破题多层次住房供应体系

住建部日前下发通知,就《住房租赁和销售管理条例(征求意见稿)》向社会公开征求意见。征求意见稿对“房屋租赁”各方进行了详细的权责界定,尤其对于租客利益提出很多保护措施。

从征求意见稿可以看出,政府有意通过完善租赁市场规则、构建“租售并举”市场,打造多层级的住房供应体系,实现“高端有限制、中端有市场、低端有保障”,促进房地产行业长期健康发展。政府已经认识到,从租赁破题,通过完善租赁市场来平抑和引导房价回归理性,是稳定房价预期的一条有效途径。

完善住房租赁市场,或许能打开楼市调控一味靠“堵”的死结。规范有序的住房租赁市场,不仅能够缓解住房紧张,还可以防止需求大规模入市激发炒作,保证住房的原始属性。此次征求意见稿,对我国住房租赁市场规则进行了进一步完善。征求意见稿对于承租人的权益给予了有力的保护:出租人不得采取暴力、威胁或者其他强制方式驱逐承租人,收回住房;合同中没有约定租金调整次数和幅度的,出租人不得单方面提高租金;直辖市、市、县人民政府应当建立住房租金发布制度,定期公布分区域的市场租金水平等信息;鼓励出租人与承租人签订长期住房租赁合同,当事人签订三年以上住房租赁合同且实际履行的,当地政府应给与相关政策支持。这些规定都对完善“租售并举”的住房市场有着非常重要的意义。

未来构建多层次住房供应体系,应该还会从以下两方面着手。

首先,从国家层面对“租售并举”进行制度约束。此次征求意见稿对住房租赁市场涉及的诸多方面进行了清晰、细致的规定,健全了规则。相比“限购、限贷、限价、限售”等需求端举措,大力发展和规范房屋租赁市场,增加房屋“供应池”的做法,是符合市场规律的柔性手段,也体现了供给侧结构性改革的思路。

此前,国家层面已通过政策约束,推进“租售并举”。在地方层面,北京、上海、天津、苏州等城市都对开发商自持予以政策鼓励。有专家认为,这一政策有可能成为房地产市场长效调控机制的重要组成部分。鼓励开发商自持,一方面,能够增加开发商手中持有型出租房源,可以稳定增加市场租赁房源,平抑租赁价格;另一方面,就整体而言,不断扩大只租不售的市场,能够在一定程度上减少房产交易属性,促进住房回归居住属性。

其次,在鼓励开发商自持的基础上,提高公租房占比,并确保其达到一定比例。要确保由政府主导的公租房成为未来租赁市场的“压舱石”,通过降低租金、稳定供应等市场手段,引导和规范租赁市场。

在当前高房价和高租金持续、人口向大城市集中、年轻人群收入水平较低的背景下,我国公租房的供应远远不够,占比仍然较低。有统计数据显示,我国私人出租住宅占可出租房屋的89.5%。要平抑房价,政府牵头的公租房短板必须尽快补上,不仅要增加数量,还要兼顾社区成熟度、交通便利程度等因素,尽可能提供更完善的服务。

形成完善的住房租赁市场体系,是解决人们住房需求的重要途径之一,对于稳定房价有着重要的积极作用。从长远考虑,为了真正做到“房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的”,必须构建多层次住房供应体系;而要构建多层次住房供应体系,完善住房租赁市场乃是当务之急。

(责编:孙博洋、杨曦)

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