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电企煤企一季度业绩现“冰火两重天” 煤电矛盾加剧

2017-05-09 10:21:18   经济参考报

上市公司一季报披露已经结束,煤电企业一季度业绩可谓“冰火两重天”。《经济参考报》记者根据Wind数据统计,由于煤价同比大涨,近九成煤企净利翻倍,而近四成火电企业则陷入亏损。

煤电矛盾加剧的情况下,国家发改委频繁调控督导。在有效释放先进产能、督促龙头煤企降价的同时,近日更是组织10个工作组分赴20个主要产煤和用煤省区,对电煤中长期合同的签订、履约情况进行全面地梳理和督导。

Wind数据显示,截至5月8日,申银万国行业分类中37家上市煤企均已发布今年一季报,除了安源煤业、安泰集团、*ST平能出现亏损外,其它都实现了盈利,而归属于母公司股东的净利润同比增长100%以上的就有32家,有8家更是净利大增23倍以上,其中,平煤股份以近80倍的同比增幅居于首位,陕西煤业和冀中能源则分别大增70倍和67倍左右位于第二名和第三名,而龙头老大中国神华国际会计准则下净利润同比增长173%至129亿元,大大高于公司此前的指引值50%,属于煤炭业最赚钱的公司。有分析称,煤企今年一季度的盈利水平已经达到了“煤炭黄金十年”的平均值。

所谓有人欢喜有人忧。煤炭企业笑了,但电企尤其是火电企业却哭了。Wind数据显示,在申银万国行业分类28家上市火电企业中,26家归属于母公司净利润同比下滑,只有福能股份和涪陵电力净利同比增加。有10家一季度亏损,其中亏损额度最高的是漳泽电力,一季度归属于上市公司股东的净利润为-2.36亿元,同比下降24.01%。而紧随其后的华银电力和内蒙华电净利润分别为-1.82亿元和-1.66亿元,同比降幅为997.48%和4537.31%。

冰火两重天的背后,是煤炭价格的同比大幅上涨。《2017年一季度全国电力供需形势分析预测报告》显示,今年一季度煤炭消费需求明显好于上年同期,煤炭生产供应不足,原煤产量下降0.3%,煤炭进口量环比减少14.1%,各环节煤炭库存明显下降,电煤供应偏紧。电煤价格年初出现短暂回落,但回落时间和幅度均少于往年,2月下旬后再次上涨,作为煤市风向标的环渤海动力煤价格指数3月底达到606元/吨左右,与去年同期相比上涨了约60%。但电价却没能同步上涨,而且行业产能过剩问题未有明显改善。

在此之下,煤电矛盾加剧。最激烈的当属今年3月份,宁夏7大火电厂联名向当地经信委反映煤价上涨等原因导致火电企业经营困难,并要求解决问题,煤企却态度强硬,明确回复称不会降煤价,不签约则断供。

4月份以来,国家发改委频繁出手调控。继4月上旬发布《关于加快签订和严格履行煤炭中长期合同的通知》后,4月21日国家发展改革委就开展电煤中长期合同签订和履约情况专题调研督导进行动员培训。目前由国家有关部委、铁路总公司、中国煤炭工业协会、重点煤电企业以及第三方征信机构等组建的10个组开展,已相继分赴20个主要产煤和用煤省区,对电煤中长期合同的签订、履约情况进行全面地梳理和督导。

其中,5月4日-6日,国家发展改革委调研组王东明组长一行到江西调研督导煤炭中长期合同签订及履约情况,并召开专题座谈会。会上,江西省能源局向调研组详细汇报了该省今年电煤中长期合同签订及履约、煤炭去产能、小火电关停和电煤保供应等有关工作情况,并如实反映了当前电煤调运和合同签订、履约过程中存在的问题,提出了相关建议。

此外,4月25日国家发展改革委组织召开电视电话会议,对统筹做好煤炭去产能、保供应、稳价格等重点工作进行全面部署。会议指出,针对当前煤炭行业的新变化和新特点,在坚定不移实施去产能的同时,要统筹处理好去产能、保供应、稳价格的关系。5月份神华、中煤已经率先下调了煤价,其它大型煤企有望跟进。

同时,山西、陕西和内蒙古等主要产煤区都开始执行330个工作日,日前发改委下发《关于进一步加快建设煤矿产能置换工作的通知》,要求提高煤炭产能置换比例,置换进度已经确定,未来煤炭先进产能投入进度有望加速。

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