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稀土限量标准取消给茶产业带来积极影响

2017-04-24 13:28:59   新华网

新华社福州4月24日电 题:稀土限量标准取消给茶产业带来积极影响

新华社记者康淼、林超

近日,国家卫生计生委在官方网站发布了新的食品安全国家标准,删除了包含茶叶在内的植物性食品中的稀土限量要求,这套沿用了26年的茶叶“稀土限量令”终于取消。那么茶叶稀土标准是怎么来的?稀土标准取消是否会影响消费者权益?它将给茶产业带来哪些影响?记者就此深入茶叶主产区展开调查。

稀土,包括钪、钇、镧等17种元素,在自然界中虽然稀少,但并不罕见。内蒙古、江西、福建等地区土壤中都富含稀土。

1991年,卫生部首次出台《植物性食品中稀土限量卫生标准》,规定每公斤茶叶中,稀土氧化物含量不得超过2毫克。在随后的26年里,这套“稀土限量令”一直沿用下来,直至本次在新标准中被取消。

中国工程院院士、中国农业科学院茶叶研究所研究员陈宗懋说,茶叶稀土限量标准发布实施以来就一直受到业界关注。相关科研机构从茶叶稀土测定方法、含量水平、来源途径等方面开展了调查研究,证实茶叶稀土限量标准存在一定程度的不合理性。其中最主要的一点是,通过饮茶摄入的稀土量对人体是安全的。

这一观点在本次标准修订中也得到了证实。与新标准同时发布的国家卫生计生委一份解读,如此解释为何要取消稀土限量要求:“根据中国居民膳食稀土元素暴露风险评估,在代表性稀土元素镧、铈、钇的大鼠90天经口灌胃试验中,除了高剂量镧影响动物体重增重和进食量外,未发现镧、铈、钇具有明显的亚慢性毒性。”

茶叶专家林荣溪说,目前除中国以外的其他茶叶生产国和进口国,包括美国、日本、印度、斯里兰卡、肯尼亚等,都没有对茶叶设定稀土限量指标,因为有关稀土对人体健康的影响在国外也没有科学的定论。

标准取消之后,茶叶中稀土含量会不会上升到有害的地步?对此,国家卫计委官网进一步解释,哪怕是潜在高暴露人群,如长期饮用紧压茶的成年人、稀土矿区居民,平均每日从膳食中摄入的稀土元素均未超过临时每日允许摄入量的5%,可以认为目前稀土元素的膳食暴露量不会对健康构成潜在危害。

湖坵村农技员林全良说,一些茶农的茶叶各方面的指标都很好,就是因为稀土问题导致“价跌卖难”。对于千万茶农而言,不再检测稀土无疑是一项“惠农的大好事”。

对于茶企而言,稀土标准取消后,不仅每年能省下数十万元的检测费用,而且更重要的是,不用再担心因为子虚乌有的稀土问题而遭受打击。

稀土标准取消也将节省大量行政资源。安溪县市场监督管理局副局长林友双说,原来安溪县政府每年针对茶叶稀土项目抽检1000多次,现在可以节省下这部分精力财力,投入到监测农药残留、重金属等真正有风险的项目上去。

近年来,国家相关部委和各大茶叶主产区都重视风险评估的基础工作——数据的收集、监测和整理。尤其是福建省,不单单是将茶叶,还把土壤、季节、气候、品种、位置、施肥等都纳入监测范围,数据更加全面和详实。这些数据最终促成了本次稀土标准的取消。

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