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央行首次回应个人征信牌照发放问题 需把握三原则

2017-04-24 11:12:32   经济参考报

央行首次回应个人征信牌照发放问题

个人征信需把握三原则,尚未有机构符合监管标准

央行人士首次在公开场合回应市场关切的个人征信牌照发放等相关问题。在日前举行的“个人信息保护与征信管理”国际研讨会上,央行副行长陈雨露表示,“人民银行正在积极稳妥地推进个人征信业务牌照发放工作。”他还说,社会各界非常关心和关注个人信息如何在信息提供、采集加工和使用过程中得到有效保护,并为此提出了大量的意见和建议,人民银行正在抓紧整理、研究和吸收,完善相关制度安排。

央行征信管理局局长万存知亦表示,目前八家正在进行个人征信开业准备的机构均未达到监管标准,央行发放个人征信牌照要进行大量基础工作,也需要各方面进行深入细致的协调,这都需要时间。对于符合审慎监管条件的个人征信申请机构,人民银行将积极稳妥地尽快推进个人征信牌照发放工作。

2015年1月,央行发布了《关于做好个人征信业务准备工作的通知》,要求芝麻信用管理有限公司(属阿里蚂蚁金融服务集团旗下)、腾讯征信有限公司、深圳前海征信中心股份有限公司、鹏元征信有限公司、中诚信征信有限公司、中智诚征信有限公司、拉卡拉信用管理有限公司、北京华道征信有限公司等八家机构做好个人征信业务的准备工作,不过,目前这八家机构均未正式拿到征信牌照。

万存知表示,这八家机构都想依托互联网形成自己的业务闭环,在客观上分割了市场的信息链,不利于信息共享;在数据极为有限的情况下,根据有限信息进行不同形式的信用评分并对外公布使用,也会存在信息误采误用等问题。另外,这八家机构各自依托某一个企业或者企业集团发起创建,在业务或者公司治理结构上不具备第三方征信的独立性。

“八家进行个人征信开业准备的机构,目前没有一家合格,在达不到监管标准情况下不能把牌照发出去。”万存知表示。

陈雨露强调,在个人征信市场准入和业务活动开展过程中,央行强调注重把握三方面的原则。一是第三方征信的独立性原则。征信机构在公司治理结构和业务开展上应确保独立,防止利益冲突。开展业务要客观中立,不能受信息提供者和信息使用者等其他主体的支配。征信产品和服务的使用不能与征信机构股东或出资人的其他业务相捆绑,不能成为股东或出资人谋取他利的手段。二是征信活动中的公正性原则。征信业务活动应充分体现社会的公平正义,确保政治上的正确性。征信产品主要用来解决信息不对称导致的信用违约风险问题,提高交易效率、降低交易成本、促进普惠金融发展,既不能当作把人分为不同阶层、不同群体的工具,也不能应用于某些低俗的社交活动,背离征信的本意。三是个人信息隐私权益保护原则。在制度建设和日常监管中,强调征信机构应从保护个人隐私、加强个人信息保护的角度出发,保持业务透明度,防止个人信息被过度采集、不当加工和非法使用,防范对个人隐私和商业秘密的侵害,切实维护信息主体合法权益。

万存知也表示,个人征信机构不应该太分散,准入门槛应该较严较高,这在业内已经形成共识。“征信业的关键不在于征信机构的多少。”他说。

建行首席经济学家黄志凌对我国个人征信有两方面建议,一方面,国家征信部门可以授权人民银行征信中心更广泛收集个人经济活动和金融交易数据,并依据行政法规要求互联网金融企业将相关数据报送人民银行征信中心,通过征信中心广泛的收集和筛选,向合规的符合条件和需要的数据主体提供相应的个人信用及征信服务。另一方面,可以借鉴欧盟数据保护条例和美国消费者隐私权利法案等相关法规的制定经验,总结我国公民信息泄露的原因,从源头治理,尽快推出个人信息保护法。记者 张莫 钟源

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