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朱铭来:解决医保基金压力可借鉴“福建模式”

2016-12-28 18:12:11   

作者 朱铭来(南开大学金融学院教授、博士生导师,中新经纬特约专家)

在医疗费用快速增长的情况下,医保基金面临越来越大的支付压力。2016年,人社部在时隔7年之后再次启动医保目录的调整,此次目录调整提出要在切实保障广大参保人员用药需求的同时,保证医保基金安全平稳运行。

然而,随着我国基本医保的全覆盖和保障水平的不断提高,加之新常态下医保基金筹资能力的下降,基本医保基金面临较大的赤字风险。人社部2015年《医疗生育保险运行分析报告》显示,2015年职工医保统筹基金存在支大于收的情况涉及到24个省份的143个统筹地区,辽宁省全省2015年当期收不抵支,10个省份的40个统筹地区甚至出现了累计结存赤字,有91个统筹地区的基金累计结余处于不足3个月的“结余不足”状态。2015年城镇居民医保有25个省份的61个统筹地区当期基金支大于收,上海和西藏两省(市)全省总计当期支大于收,而西藏自治区更是出现了居民医保基金累计结余赤字的情况。

我国医疗保障体系面临着群众医疗保障需求不断上升和医保基金结余持续减少的矛盾,未来通过医保谈判将有更多昂贵的药品被纳入医保支付范围,如果不能较好进行费用管控,医保基金风险必将加大,威胁到基本医保制度的可持续。

笔者以为,医改的“福建模式”为解决医疗费用的管控提供了一个借鉴。

2016年9月28日,福建省成立医疗保障管理委员会办公室,将原本归属多个部门管理的城镇医保、新农合、药品采购、医疗服务价格、医疗救助以及药品配送等职责整合统一管理,这解决了医改众多部门联动难的问题。更重要的是,“福建模式”通过部门整合,将医保经办、药品招标采购、定价等职能统一归属医保办,解决医药流通环节的积弊,促进医疗服务规范化,杜绝医药费用的浪费,在此基础上解决了医务人员薪酬制度改革的资金来源,真正做到了“三医联动”。

从一些数据上可以看出福建医改的成绩,2016年10月,福建省本级城镇职工医保主要定点医疗机构住院总费用同比下降2.05%,次均住院费用同比下降9.58%,次均住院基金支出同比下降6.57%,而住院实际报销比例和政策范围内报销比却提升了3.13%和1.8%。在降低医保基金支出的同时提升了患者的保障水平。因此,在我国基本医保“提质增效”和医保基金面临风险的情况下,建议具备条件的地区可以推广“福建模式”,改变传统的九龙治水的局面,建立综合性的管理模式,借助医保目录调整的机会,既把好药放进来,又把药价控制住,在保障我国医保基金安全的同时减轻患者的医疗费用负担,提升患者的就医获得感。

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