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PPP配套政策明年将密集出台 落地规模或达两万亿

2016-12-28 11:12:08   

作为财政支出创新的重要形式,政府和社会资本合作(PPP)仍将担纲明年投资主力。《经济参考报》记者日前从业内获悉,2017年PPP或掀起2万亿元落地热潮,税收优惠、操作细则等相关政策将密集出台,鼓励与规范并举的政策框架将进一步完善。其中,财政政策重点将从“补项目”转向“补运营”。

从2013年底开始推广至今,PPP在我国推进已有三年,三年来几乎每年都保持着翻番的快速发展态势。尤其是在2016年,随着这一模式逐渐被接受,在地方财政收支矛盾加剧、地方债管理日趋规范的背景下,地方政府推动PPP的热情高涨,今年项目数量和金额也均再创新高。财政部数据显示,截至2016年10月底,PPP项目数量已经超过1万个,投资额超12.7万亿元。

展望2017年,业内认为,PPP仍将作为投资主力保持快速增长。一方面,明年经济稳增长仍需投资发力,另一方面,地方财政收支矛盾进一步加剧,财政扩张空间有限,基建投资将更多寄望于PPP等创新融资工具。

大岳咨询总经理金永祥对《经济参考报》记者表示,今年全年PPP落地规模大约在1.2万亿元到1.5万亿元,可以预计明年PPP仍将保持较快增长,落地规模有望达到2万亿元。“一般而言,只要项目正式签约,不论是融资还是垫资方式,都可以视作落地。因为合同已经形成约束机制和时间表。”

不过,他同时也指出,预计增速可能有所放缓,不会再像近三年来这样突飞猛进。一是因为前两年发改委和财政部推出了很多十几亿的大项目,明年主要是将这些大项目一步一步推进落实,新项目推出速度会有所下降。另外,伴随PPP的发展,一些问题逐渐显现出来,可以说,明年推进的过程,同时也会是问题暴露和解决的过程。

比如,金永祥指出,按照财政可承受能力评估,地方财政用于PPP的资金不能超过可支配财力的10%,今年已经有些地方接近或者达到这一上限,明年预计会有更多地方达到上限。此外,还有大量的项目,国有企业等社会资本方主体已经和地方政府签约,但是还没有和银行签约,明年这些项目要继续推进面临完成融资的挑战。这些问题不解决,都会制约PPP的推进。

财政部PPP工作领导小组组长、副部长史耀斌日前在全国财政系统PPP工作推进会上也坦言,一些地方的思维仍然停留在融资搞建设上,打着PPP的旗号采取政府承担兜底责任的形式,政府回购、明股实债、固定回报等变相融资问题较为突出。部分项目缺乏运营和绩效考核,实质上是拉长版的BT(建设-转让)项目。这些做法既产生一定的挤出效应,影响PPP模式的规范推广,也增加了地方政府债务风险隐患。

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