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环境保护税法2018年实施 收入拟全部归地方

2016-12-27 11:15:38   

主持人左永刚:近日,《环境保护税法》获表决通过,并将于2018年1月1日起实施。这将有利于解决排污费制度存在的执法刚性不足、地方政府干预等问题,同时有利于构建促进经济结构调整、发展方式转变的绿色税制体系。

财政部相关负责人表示,这将有利于提高纳税人环保意识和遵从度,强化企业治污减排责任

■本报记者 包兴安

《环境保护税法》将于2018年1月1日起施行。这是落实税收法定原则后我国第一部专门体现“绿色税制”、推进生态文明建设的单行税法。它将取代现行的排污费,加大对企业污染排放力度,保护和改善环境。

我国自1979年确立排污费制度,2003年至2015年,全国累计征收排污费2115.99亿元,缴纳排污费的企事业单位和个体工商户累计达到500多万户。其中,2015年征收额为173亿元。

财政部税政司司长王建凡表示,实行环境保护费改税,是落实党中央、国务院决策部署的重要举措,具有十分重要的意义。一是有利于解决排污费制度存在的执法刚性不足、地方政府干预等问题。二是有利于提高纳税人环保意识和遵从度,强化企业治污减排责任。三是有利于构建促进经济结构调整、发展方式转变的绿色税制体系。四是有利于规范政府分配秩序,优化财政收入结构,强化预算约束。

全国人大常委会法工委经济法室副主任王清介绍,相较于此前的排污费制度,《环境保护税法》主要有两点不同。一是规定了大气污染物和水污染物的税额幅度。以10倍为限,大气污染物为每污染当量1.2元-12元,水污染物为每污染当量1.4元-14元。二是根据减排幅度增加一档税收减免的规定,即纳税人排放应税大气污染物或者水污染物的浓度值低于规定标准30%的,减按75%征收环境保护税。

因为已征收车船税、消费税、车辆购置税等,为避免重复征税,《环境保护税法》明确对机动车、铁路机车、非道路移动机械、船舶和航空器等流动污染源排放的应税污染物免税,还增加了对纳税人符合标准综合利用的固体废物免税的政策。

开征环保税会不会加重企业负担?对此,王建凡表示,考虑到当前经济环境之下企业的负担能力问题,环境保护税和其他的税收不一样,企业履行环保责任,减少污染物排放就可以少缴税。从这个意义上讲,负担的平转是适当的。

值得关注的是,现行的排污费是实行中央和地方1:9分成,考虑到地方政府承担主要污染治理责任,为了调动地方的积极性,环境保护费改税以后,拟将环境保护税全部作为地方收入,中央不再参与分成。

王建凡表示,环境保护税是新开征的税种,涉及面很广,收费与征税两套制度要进行转换,政策上和征管上需要做许多前期准备工作:一是起草税法实施条例,细化具体政策和征管措施,并按程序报请国务院批准。二是对授权地方决定的事项,包括确定具体适用税额、增加同一排放口应税污染物的项目数等,由各省(区、市)按法律程序确定和报批。三是做好税收征管准备工作,包括建立税务与环保工作配合机制、调试征税信息系统、交接纳税人资料、建立信息交换平台等。四是加强政策宣传解读、纳税辅导和业务培训,确保征管工作有序进行。

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