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两高:篡改环境监测数据,严惩!

2016-12-27 06:20:36   

12月26日,最高人民法院召开新闻发布会,介绍《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理环境污染刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》(以下简称《解释》)的有关情况。

最高人民法院研究室主任颜茂昆介绍,2013年7月至2016年10月,全国法院新收污染环境、非法处置进口的固体废物、环境监管失职刑事案件4636件。相较于过去年均二三十件的案件量,污染环境刑事案件量增长十分明显。与此同时,近年来环境污染犯罪又出现了一些新的情况和问题,如危险废物犯罪呈现出产业化迹象,大气污染犯罪取证困难,篡改、伪造自动监测数据和破坏环境质量监测系统的刑事规制存在争议,等等。为此,最高法会同最高人民检察院制定了新的《解释》。这是1997年刑法施行以来最高司法机关就环境污染犯罪第三次出台专门司法解释。

据介绍,污染环境罪是环境污染犯罪的基本罪名,入罪要件为“严重污染环境”。2013年最高法、最高检发布《关于办理环境污染刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,规定了认定“严重污染环境”的14项具体情形。本次出台的司法解释根据司法实践情况作出完善。

何为“严重污染环境”?《解释》明确,“排放、倾倒、处置含铅、汞、镉、铬、砷、铊、锑的污染物,超过国家或者地方污染物排放标准三倍以上”,或者“排放、倾倒、处置含镍、铜、锌、银、钒、锰、钴的污染物,超过国家或者地方污染物排放标准十倍以上的”,应当认定为“严重污染环境”。重点

排污

单位篡改、伪造自动监测数据或者干扰自动监测设施,排放化学需氧量、氨氮、二氧化硫、氮氧化物等污染物的,应当认定为“严重污染环境”。此外,《解释》将“违法减少防治污染设施运行支出一百万元以上”“违法所得三十万元以上”增加规定为“严重污染环境”的情形。司法解释还将生态环境损害因素纳入考量范围,将“造成生态环境严重损害”规定为“严重污染环境”的情形之一。

《解释》还对污染环境罪的结果加重情节“后果特别严重”的认定标准作了相应完善。增加规定,非法排放、倾倒、处置危险废物一百吨以上,或者造成生态环境特别严重损害的,应当认定为“后果特别严重”,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。

环境监测数据是环境决策的重要基础。颜茂昆介绍,个别地方破坏环境质量监测系统,影响监测系统正常运行,欺骗公众,影响政府公信力,甚至误导环境决策,危害严重。鉴此,《解释》规定,从事环境监测设施维护、运营的人员实施或者参与实施篡改、伪造自动监测数据、干扰自动监测设施、破坏环境质量监测系统等行为的,应当从重处罚。

责任编辑:马少騄 CN061
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