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脱贫攻坚,精准算好“一本账”(治理者说)

2016-12-23 09:42:21   

脱贫攻坚是一项系统性工程,如何做到井井有条、稳扎稳打,让千头万绪的基层工作顺利展开,考验着各级各地的能力。这不仅需要责任在肩、抓住重点,更需要思路清晰、方法得当。

“精准”,既是脱贫攻坚的理念之一,也是重要的工作方法。如何有效识别贫困户?如何动态跟踪脱贫进展?回答这些问题,需要在“精准度”上做文章。为此,巴中市建立了扶贫户月收支“一本账”,即统一印制“建档立卡贫困户收支登记簿”,用以明确登记扶贫过程中的各类事项,防止出现“数字脱贫”“注水脱贫”。目前,这项制度已覆盖全市96942户贫困户。

记好“一本账”,首先要让群众认账,保证规范性是基础。一方面,记账的内容清晰,主要包括贫困户家庭基本情况、日常现金及实物收支情况等;另一方面,要保持记录、评测的连续性,一户一簿、一月一卡,月记录、季分析、年评估,即便贫困户退出后,还要再记录一年,以确保“不返贫”。在此基础上,还要制定一个较为明确的“算账”方式。例如,为了全面反映贫困户现金流状况和人均纯收入增减情况,要算出每月的累计收入、累计支出、纯收入和人均纯收入等四笔账,并按合理的公式进行客观测算。

俗话说,“十个埋头苦干的,抵不上一个掐指会算的”。这告诉我们,既需埋头苦干,也要总结经验、找到规律,“掐指会算”的能力,也是“抬头看路”的本事。记好脱贫这“一本账”,需要包括贫困户在内的各个主体联合发挥作用。首先,第一书记(支部书记)记好政策性收入,对粮食直补、养老保险、低保等补贴款项逐一登记,让群众了解惠民政策、参与扶贫项目;其次,帮扶干部记好生产性收入,将稻谷、油菜、牛羊等和工资性收入分类登记,分析生产周期、经营成本和现金收益,让群众学会如何生产和经营;最后,户主记好生活类支出,详实登记医药费、学费、油盐等支出,通过自查和对比收支情况,了解哪些收入可持续、哪些支出可节省,养成合理收支好习惯。

“记账”作为基础工作,其目的是为了更有效地开展帮扶工作。比如,制定科学的帮扶措施,需要综合考量资金整合情况、惠民政策落实情况、扶贫项目落地情况等;适时调整帮扶举措,也离不开对口帮扶的党员干部每月入户,如实登记贫困户收支明细。做好这些跟踪记录,才能为解决问题提供参考。对一些特殊问题,进行针对性补救;对一些共性问题,在分析基础上提出综合方案。

“一本账”不仅反映了贫困户脱贫致富的基本轨迹,也反映了扶贫工作、帮扶干部的工作轨迹、任务轨迹和责任轨迹。它背后是一套行之有效、有助于基层脱贫的工作模式。对贫困户而言,脱贫路径精准可靠;对结对帮扶干部而言,脱贫措施、工作轨迹有据可查;对第三方评估而言,脱贫成效真实可信。学会把宏观要求转化成微观创新,精准扶贫、精准脱贫才会有坚实载体,贫困群众的全面小康才有更为可靠的依托。


  《 人民日报 》( 2016年12月23日 05 版) (责编:杨曦、夏晓伦)

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