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中国发布世界首个商用高温气冷堆核电站技术方案

2016-12-22 03:41:18   

原标题:高温气冷堆技术,中国领跑

建成后将正式跨入商用阶段

《人民日报》(2016年12月22日12版)

本报北京12月21日电 (记者赵婀娜)60万千瓦高温气冷堆核电站技术方案21日在清华大学发布。该项目标志着我国高温气冷堆技术从“863”时期的“跟跑”位置,到示范工程阶段的“领跑”位置,正式跨入商用阶段。建成后将成为国际首个商用高温气冷堆核电站。

高温气冷堆,是指用气体作冷却剂,出口温度高的核反应堆,是目前世界最安全的核反应堆堆型之一。由清华自主研发、我国具有完全自主知识产权的高温气冷堆是国际公认的第四代先进核能系统,具有安全性好、堆芯不会融毁及温度高、用途多等优势。2012年,在山东荣成开工建设了全球首座20万千瓦高温气冷堆核电站示范工程。目前,示范工程已进入到设备安装调试阶段,力争2017年底前后并网发电。此次发布的60万千瓦设计方案,是在山东荣成的示范工程基础上设计的,将具有同样的固有安全性、同样的主设备设计和同样的运行参数。

60万千瓦高温气冷堆核电站采用6个反应堆模块连接1台蒸汽机轮机的设计方案,与常规压水堆核电站核岛厂房体积和占地面积相当。每个反应堆模块热功率为250兆瓦,机组的热功率将达到1500兆瓦,电功率可达655兆瓦,发电效率43.7%。

国家重大科技专项高温气冷堆核电站示范工程总设计师张作义介绍,设计研发60万千瓦高温气冷堆商业核电站意义重大。

首先,结构更加紧凑和优化,建筑面积显著低于示范工程。根据设计,该核电站的建造成本将接近压水堆核电站。“通过主设备标准化设计和扩大核燃料的生产规模,可以降低核电站的建造和运行成本,从而提高整个核电站的经济性。”张作义说。

“目前我国大部分运行的燃煤电厂是60万千瓦的规模,而高温气冷堆的蒸汽参数与燃煤电厂一致,因此高温气冷堆核电站的常规岛可以很好地利用我国现有成熟的火电技术和建造能力。此外,高温气冷堆可以替代环境敏感区的燃煤及燃气发电。”张作义介绍,高温气冷堆在燃煤替代、热电联产、核能制氢等方面有更广阔的前景。同时,它也是我国核电走出去战略的重要力量。目前我国已与沙特、印尼等国签署了高温气冷堆合作备忘录。

目前我国已突破高温气冷堆的全部核心技术,并有多个世界首创,如世界首个规模化陶瓷包覆颗粒球形燃料元件生产厂、首个电磁轴承主氦风机等。反应堆压力容器、蒸汽发生器等主设备也已完全国产化。

“在从20万千瓦到60万千瓦,从示范工程到商用的产业化实践中,通过发展高温气冷堆可以把国内多家核电设备制造商、建造商和运营商整合起来,打造成一个完整的高温气冷堆核电产业链。同时,还为后续建造60万千瓦高温气冷堆超临界发电机组奠定基础。”张作义介绍。

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