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新政出台在即 分布式光伏将迎爆发期

2016-12-23 09:42:43   

原标题:新政出台在即 分布式光伏将迎爆发期

《经济参考报》记者22日从2016中国分布式光伏品质建设高峰论坛上获悉,2017年光伏上网标杆电价方案已进入最后审批流程,近日将正式公布。在集中式电站标杆电价大幅下调的情况下,预计能源局力推多年的分布式光伏将从2017年开始快速增长。

近年来,在国家电价补贴等政策的大力扶持下,光伏发电规模快速扩大。国家发改委能源研究所研究员时璟丽预期2016全年新增装机超过3300万千瓦,累计超过7600万千瓦,年增速超过75%。

值得注意的是,当前光伏电站地域集中建设特征较为明显,今年1-11月大型集中式电站新增装机2845万千瓦,在全部光伏发电新增占比89%,累计装机6557万千瓦。而分布式光伏发电新增366万千瓦,同比增加45%,累计972万千瓦,在全部光伏发电站装机占比13%,发展规模仍显著低于预期。

根据“十三五”规划,2020年光伏发电装机要达到1.05亿千瓦以上,主要任务是通过市场竞争的方式配置资源,推动光伏发电成本的下降和技术水平的上升,光伏项目电价要与电网销售电价相当。

事实上,这一政策思路已经有所体现。继去年下调光伏发电标杆电价每千瓦时0.02元到0.1元之后,今年9月国家发改委又出台了《关于调整新能源标杆电价的通知(征求意见稿)》,拟将一类、二类、三类大资源区地面电站光伏上网电价分别由0.80元、0.88元、0.98元下调至0.55元、0.65元、0.75元。对于分布式光伏,“自发自用、余电上网”模式实行按照全电量补贴的模式,补贴标准分别为:一类资源区0.2元/千瓦时、二类资源区0.25元/千瓦时、三类资源区0.3元/千瓦时,而目前的标准是0.42元/千瓦时。

这个意见稿的出台,在整个光伏行业引起了轩然大波。经过修改后,10月份新一版的分布式补贴标准上调为一类和二类资源区0.35元/千瓦时,三类0.4元/千瓦时。“最终怎么样的幅度还不知道,但新的定价政策应该年底前会出来。”中国可再生能源学会光伏专委会秘书长吕芳透露。

时璟丽认为,当前电价水平调整难以即时反映可再生能源发电成本变化,电价水平调整的幅度大、频次低导致可再生能源发电市场的大幅度波动,不利于产业持续良性发展。如果2017年降低电价和补贴,则国内光伏市场可能重新复制2016年情况,新增装机规模可能超过2500万千瓦,产品价格也可能在不同时间段梯度明显。

国金证券分析师姚遥认为,考虑到2017年集中式电站标杆电价的大幅度下调、三北地区项目指标发放的缩减和短期内仍难改善的限电情况,分布式项目的相对投资吸引力将大幅度提升。此外,电改在配售电侧的推进,尤其是电力市场化交易的逐步建立,也将推升分布式光伏项目的建设需求,预计能源局力推多年的分布式光伏将从2017年起真正开始快速增长,在新增装机量中占比有望大幅提升至30%以上(2015年仅为10%),并有望从2018年开始逐步实现用户侧平价。

在电力“十三五”规划中,分布式光伏发展目标是2020年达到60GW,平均每年增加至少10GW。国家电网能源研究院首席专家冯庆东认为,分布式光伏主要涵盖屋顶分布式光伏、滩涂鱼塘湖泊、农业大棚三类。不过,当前个别企业抢占屋顶资源,导致项目选址随意性大,同时补贴资金难以快速足额到位,局部局地、局部时段光伏电量消纳存在问题。

(责编:孙博洋、夏晓伦)

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