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为世界健康事业贡献“中国方案”

2017-09-22 09:27:32   国际在线

实现健康长寿,是人类发展的核心目标,是国家富强、民族振兴的重要标志,也是全国人民的共同愿望。

党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央将卫生与健康摆在保障和改善民生、加强社会建设的重要位置予以部署推进。继“美丽中国”“平安中国”之后,我国作出推进健康中国建设的重大制度性安排,凸显了对保障人民健康的高度重视和坚定决心。

如何构建具有中国特色的健康保障之路?首先摆在我们面前的难题就是对健康的无限需求和有限医疗资源的矛盾,这是医疗卫生体制改革必须面对的核心问题,也是全球卫生体制改革的难点所在。

党的十八大以来,我国按照保基本、强基层、建机制的要求,重点推进医疗保障、医疗服务、公共卫生、药品供应、监管体制综合改革,完善国民健康政策,为群众提供了安全有效、方便价廉的公共卫生和基本医疗服务。

五年来,中国医改通过完善基本医疗服务、强调国民的基本权利和基本公共卫生服务的均等化,实践了以最经济的方式来改善和保障全体国民健康的目标,实现了人人享有基本医疗,从而构建了具有中国特色的健康保障之路。

党的十八届三中全会从经济社会发展全局出发,对继续深化医改做出了全面部署,明确提出要建立更加公平可持续的社会保障制度,深化医药卫生体制改革。在此精神的指引下,健康中国建设得到极大推进。医疗改革继续深化,取得了重大的阶段性成效,世卫组织高度评价中国医改,认为“中国医疗卫生体制改革所取得的成就有目共睹”。

回顾五年来的医改历程,我们认为深化医改的主要成就在于建立了三大基础性工程。一是建立了覆盖城乡的医疗保障制度,全民基本医保制度框架基本建成,职工医保、居民医保和新农合三项基本医疗保险覆盖了13亿多的人口,构建了世界上规模最大的全民基本医疗保障网。二是健全基本医疗卫生服务体系,大力发展基层社区卫生服务,基层医疗卫生服务机构的服务能力得到极大提升。三是基本公共卫生服务均等化水平明显提高,服务内容得到拓展,服务标准稳步提升,2017年国家基本公共卫生经费标准由45元提高到50元,百姓享有了基本公平的基本公共卫生服务。

此外,建设健康中国被赋予了更多内涵,中医治未病就是其中一项重要内容。中医治未病的核心精神是强调健康文化、健康服务、健康保险三位一体。中医治未病试点和推行,构建了以健康文化为基础、以健康管理为核心、以健康保险为保证的运行模式,为探索深化具有中国特色的医疗预防与健康管理模式奠定了基础。积极开展治未病工作是实现健康中国的重要途径之一,这一模式目前在全国都已经推行,成为推进健康中国建设的重要抓手。

人人健康,才能人人幸福。随着全民健身、健康促进、生命全周期的照护等一项项工作的推进,百姓的健康理念正在发生巨大转变,健身、饮食、睡眠、心态等一系列可能影响健康的生活因素引起了百姓关注。

总而言之,五年来的砥砺奋进,健康中国建设已经取得了举世瞩目的成就。面向未来,中国将更加积极地参与到全球健康治理的工作当中,继续探索具有中国特色的健康保障之路,为世界健康事业贡献“中国方案”。

(作者:梁鸿,系复旦大学城市发展研究院院长、教授)

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