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“网红论文” 要经得起学术检验

2017-09-21 10:22:22   央广网

日前,浙江大学发布《优秀网络文化成果认定实施办法(试行)》,规定在媒体及其“两微一端”发表的优秀网文,根据发布平台与传播水平可认定为国内权威、一级、核心等学术期刊论文,纳入晋升评聘和评奖评优。针对网上出现的争议,浙大回应将严把“学术关”,成果申报需经专家委员会严格评审。

一些标题将其简化为“网文10万+可算学术论文”,导致不少人的理解存在偏差。如舆论普遍认为,网络传播更加喜闻乐见,但它也略显浅俗,常以博眼球为乐,数据流量也能造假。更有学者忧心忡忡,指出网络阅读具有碎片化特征,“恐怕会凝聚成一种粉碎独立思想和个人创见的势力”。这些批评是可以理解的,学术论文的价值确实无法用阅读量体现,而网络文化成果有可能传播效果好、社会价值高,却不一定具有科研价值。因此,不同方面注意力的重心,在于如何权衡好传播水平和科研价值的关系。就这一点而言,对发布网文的平台作限制,对10万+、40万+的流量作要求,并不是常规意义上的“评价标准”,更合宜的理解可能是“申报标准”“入门标准”,在此基础上制定严谨的学术评价标准。

倘若用一种开放的眼光看待《办法》,它也不啻为一种学术评价体系创新。须知,当前的学术评价主要体现在论文期刊上,但是小部分学术刊物颇停留在“自娱自乐”的层面上,发行量不过几千份,小圈子里自吹自擂,传播效果极其有限。将网络文化传播成果纳入其中,这是重视传播效果的体现,也是给学术研究多一种选择。况且在顶层设计上,相关政策早就释放出创新动力,比如2015年,中宣部和教育部印发《关于加强和改进高校宣传思想工作队伍建设的意见》,明确提出“要积极探索建立优秀网络文章在科研成果统计、职务职称评聘方面的认定机制,不断形成吸引优秀人才参与网络文化建设的政策导向”。简言之,扩充科研成果的认定形式,扩大科研成果的发布渠道,利用新型传播手段扩大优秀学术成果影响面。

不过,学术有学术的标准。尽管出版介质可以变,渠道和形式可以变,但学术评价体系不能变,依然要遵循严格的科学方法,接受学术标准的严格检验。具体而言,标准体现在三方面:一是要明确科学的创作标准。网络文化成果有多种形态,既有理论成果形态,也有新闻消息之类的舆论形态,更有文化娱乐形态。显然,只有理论形态能够标识科研水平,所以要明确制度化、标准化、专业化的创作规范。二是要经过专家学术委员会的严格评审。尤其是用学术期刊的要求来同等视之,在原创性、科学性、创新性要求上不得含糊。三是要健全学术共同体,让这些优秀文化成果经得起同行评议,被学术界普遍认可。总之,高校网络文化成果评价是一种科学的价值判断活动,要秉持“如何与其他事物区别”的规则,把握好“宽进严出”,通过多种手段控制好学术质量。

当前,对于高校教师工作的评价体系越来越综合化,但这不意味着应该降低学术评价的水准。科研、教学以及其他工作彼此有别,各有规律。传统学术研究和网络传播成果也有不同规律,彼此不能取代。只有尊重不同规律,形成不同评价标准,才有助于完善高校综合评价体系。特别是我国学术水平正处于稳步上升的阶段,更要保证好学术研究的质量和水平。期待此番试水之举,能更大程度激发我国科研创新的活力。

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