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调查显示超3成青年避孕方法不可靠 专家呼吁女性自主避孕

2017-09-20 19:17:28   央广网

央广网北京9月20日消息(记者刘飞)据中国之声《新闻晚高峰》报道,再过6天,9月26日,将是第十个“世界避孕日”。今天(20日),中国妇女杂志社和中国妇女发展基金会联合发布了“现代青年安全避孕认知与行为调查”结果。调查针对20岁到40岁群体,结果显示,在避孕方法上,选择“体外射精”和“安全期避孕”这类不可靠避孕方法的受访者比例超过了3成。

《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》中提出,要以青少年、育龄妇女及流动人群为重点,开展性健康和性安全宣传教育和干预,加强对性传播高危行为人群的综合干预,减少意外妊娠和性相关疾病传播。此外,要全面推行知情选择,普及避孕节育和生殖健康知识。

国务院妇儿工委办公室副主任张立给出了一组数据:据2015年国家卫生计生委科学技术研究所统计,中国每年有统计的接受人工流产手术人次达1300万,重复流产率达55.9%,并呈低龄化发展趋势。

此次“现代青年安全避孕认知与行为调查”结果也显示,在过去一年中,17.4%的被访者或其伴侣发生过非意愿妊娠;18.3%曾经有过人工流产或药物流产经历。

首都医科大学北京妇产医院教授李坚介绍,“世界避孕日”的前身是“保护未成年人意外妊娠纪念日”,“大家可能在想,这个避孕的问题有这么严重吗?但是实际上,就是希望能够通过避孕来减少非意愿妊娠的发生,来避免不安全流产对妇女造成的伤害,能进一步促进孕产妇死亡比例的降低。”

在具体避孕行为上,世界卫生组织官网信息显示:采用“抽出(性交中断)”的方法来防止怀孕的效力在常用情况下为73%,被世界卫生组织注释为,“是效果最差的方法之一”;而“安全期避孕法”,防止怀孕的效力常用情况下为75%。

而此次调查显示,在过去一年内,有36.3%的被访者和33.4%的被访者在使用“体外射精”和“安全期避孕”这样的方法。

对此,执行此次调查的华坤女性生活调查中心副理事长刘萍认为,这种情况是在用女性的身体冒险。关于避孕方法有效性的一些科学结论显示:在现实生活中,无防护或不避孕的情况下,第一年之内女性意外怀孕的比例是85%;使用女用避孕套,此比例是21%;使用男性避孕套,此比例是15%;使用短效口服避孕药,此比例是8%;使用宫内节育器,此比例是0.8%。而紧急避孕药属于非常规避孕方法,严禁一年内使用超过3次。世界卫生组织将失败率在25%以上的避孕方法均列为效果较差的避孕方法。

在行为之前,认知层面,刘萍指出,此次调查也反映出一些对于避孕比较典型的认知误区,比如48.4%的被访者认为女性在经期发生性行为是绝对安全的;13.5%的被访者认为经期前后发生性行为是绝对安全的;甚至还有一定比例的被访者同意男性没有达到性高潮,女性就不会怀孕(5.5%);发生性行为之后立刻冲洗、淋浴或沐浴,就不会怀孕(3.7%);站立着发生性行为,就不会怀孕(1.9%)等。

李坚教授也指出,现实生活中,一些有效的避孕方式并没能被及时、有效地获得,“一方面我们提供的服务还有不完善的地方。另外我们可供选择的方法有限,比如我们这个医院没有,或我们诊所没有、这个地区没有。还有就是避孕方法的可及性:我知道这项方法有效但我不知道从哪里获得。这个过程使得避孕延迟造成意外妊娠。再有就是文化、宗教等问题,以及使用者和提供者存在偏见。”

此次调查显示,避孕行为中,有超过一半的受访者避孕药具由男方购买,同时,仅有2.4%的被访者认同“由女性采取避孕措施比较好”。相关专家呼吁和倡导,女性自主避孕。

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