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中国正在划定小行星科学探测初步设想

2017-09-20 15:52:14   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 柳青):第三届北京月球与深空探测国际论坛20日开幕。中国科学院院士、中国月球探测工程首任首席科学家欧阳自远在论坛上表示,正在划定小行星探测的初步科学设想。此外,会上还透露,中国首次火星探测计划正在稳步推进。

据了解,第三届北京月球与深空探测国际论坛为期三天,主题内容包括2030年前主要航天国家和组织关于月球、火星和小行星探测规划;行星科学研究的新进展和未来五到十年的热点问题;月球和其它地外天体返回样品研究的方法、手段和科学进展;深空探测新方法与有效载荷新技术等。

根据2016年公布的《2016中国的航天》白皮书,在深空探测领域,未来五年,中国将实施小行星探测计划。中国科学院院士、中国月球探测工程首任首席科学家欧阳自远介绍说,小行星是太阳系形成时残留下来的初始物质,探索小行星可获得太阳系形成的科学信息,因此小行星探测具有重要的科学意义。欧阳自远表示,正在划定小行星探测的初步科学设想,“在太阳系里小行星分成两部分,一部分是火星外面有一个带,叫小行星带,集中了大量的小行星,第二,对我们威胁最大的,叫近地小行星,地球的外面,大大小小也有一大堆小行星,因为它们挨地球很近,走的也不太规矩,所以往往它们要撞地球,我们国家未来小行星计划很想这两部分小行星都能干一点活儿。”

《2016中国的航天》白皮书指出,中国将实施首次火星探测任务,突破火星环绕、着陆、巡视探测等关键技术。2020年发射首颗火星探测器,实施环绕和巡视联合探测。中国首次火星探测任务总设计师张荣桥表示,目前火星探测按照原定计划稳步推进:“首次火星探测工程的科学目标已经遴选完成了,科学载荷已经确定完成了,接下来我们需要做的工作,就是要对预期的科学目标,要提前开展一些研究,使得科学探测数据下来之后,能够尽快的出成果,出好成果。”

中国自2004年实施探月工程以来,圆满完成了嫦娥一号、嫦娥二号和嫦娥三号科学探测,获得了大量科学探测数据。特别是利用嫦娥三号科学探测数据,中国科学家首次解译了着陆区月壤和月球浅层结构特性,发现了一种新的玄武岩,这些成果得到国际同行的高度认可和评价。欧阳自远表示,按照探月工程“绕、落、回”三步走计划,嫦娥四号和嫦娥五号都将承担起更加重大的科学探测任务:“嫦娥五号的任务就是落下去,要用铲子铲样品,打钻,然后自动的返回地球,它的关键技术都已经比较清楚了,以前也做过一次实验,可以安全着陆,到指定的地点。为什么还有嫦娥四号呢?因为我们总是希望做一些人类目前还没有做过的事情,它的任务是落在人类从来没有到达过的,在地球上永远看不到的月球的那一半。”

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