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应让乙醇汽油具有价格优势

2017-09-14 07:37:29   央广网

今日社评

本报评论员 樊大彧

推广使用车用乙醇汽油,这次国家是下了很大决心的,在推广使用过程中将实行属地行政首长负责制,今后还将落实考核问责机制。推广乙醇汽油,压力必须有,但价格优势的动力也应该有。具备了价格优势,乙醇汽油会让消费者更迅速、更容易地接受,也能让有关部门制定的推广目标顺利达成。

国家发改委、国家能源局等十五部门,日前联合印发《关于扩大生物燃料乙醇生产和推广使用车用乙醇汽油的实施方案》。根据方案要求,到2020年,我国全国范围将推广使用车用乙醇汽油。国家能源局有关负责人表示,推广使用车用乙醇汽油有利于优化能源结构。(相关报道见A12版)

车用乙醇汽油,是将燃料乙醇以一定比例添加到汽油中而形成的。2001年,为了解决大量“陈化粮”处理问题,改善大气及生态环境质量,调整能源结构,经国务院同意,启动了生物燃料乙醇试点。经过十多年发展,我国生物燃料乙醇产业已初具规模,此外,国内车用乙醇汽油试点推广也积累了丰富的实践经验,这些都成为进一步推广使用车用乙醇汽油的坚实基础。

发展生物燃料乙醇、推广车用乙醇汽油,好处很多。首先,有利于改善生态环境。使用生物燃料乙醇可以减少二氧化碳以及机动车尾气中多种有害物质排放。同时,由于秸秆是燃料乙醇生产的原料来源之一,因此推广车用乙醇汽油还是解决秸秆等农林废弃物焚烧问题、减少污染物排放的重要措施。

从能源安全层面看,发展生物燃料乙醇有助于我国降低目前已处于高位的原油对外依存度,提升能源自主能力和能源安全水平。另外,发展燃料乙醇还有利于保障“舌尖上的安全”。由于连年丰收,我国北方玉米的库存已超储了数亿吨,这些玉米长期存放后将无法食用。生产燃料乙醇是处理问题粮、变质粮的最好方式,在变废为宝的同时,也堵住了不法之徒借以牟利的源头从而保障了食品安全。

乙醇汽油对于生态环境和经济社会是如此的“友好”,但过去十多年,在我国的推广使用却略显缓慢。目前全国有11个省区全境或部分地区,试点推广乙醇汽油,其消费量占同期全国汽油消费总量的约1/5。这一数据与国际市场相比有些相形见绌,据不完全统计,目前全球年消费乙醇汽油约6亿吨,占世界汽油总消费的60%左右。

乙醇汽油不受“待见”,在初期主要是价格因素造成的。之后,针对乙醇汽油生产成本高、市场认知度低等因素,有关部委联合出台了优惠政策,对生产企业给予减税、行政补贴等举措,最终实现了试点地区乙醇汽油与传统汽油同价。在解决了价格难题后,乙醇汽油的推广工作还持续受到一些“偏见”的困扰。对乙醇汽油的吐槽主要包括,动力表现相对逊色,燃烧快不耐烧,甚至有人认为会对发动机部件造成腐蚀。其实,无论是国内外研究机构的科学实验,还是众多消费者的实际使用,都证明这些观点基本都属于“妖魔化”的传言,缺乏事实依据。

此次有关部门推出实施方案,要求2020年在全国范围内基本实现车用乙醇汽油全覆盖。要完成这个任务目标,首先必须对车用乙醇汽油的特点和优势,进行广泛而且深入的宣传,破除各种传言的不利影响。更为重要的是,要让车用乙醇汽油在与传统汽油同价的基础上,能够实现价格进一步的下降。要让乙醇汽油具备价格优势,首先政府部门应保持各项补贴和减税的支持力度。同时,要使用各种行政和市场的手段,努力降低玉米、秸秆等原材料的供给成本。

推广使用车用乙醇汽油,这次国家是下了很大决心的,在推广使用过程中将实行属地行政首长负责制,今后还将落实考核问责机制。推广乙醇汽油,压力必须有,但价格优势的动力也应该有。具备了价格优势,乙醇汽油会让消费者更迅速、更容易地接受,也能让有关部门制定的推广目标顺利达成。

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