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探索公正司法的中国经验(新论)

2017-09-11 07:23:38   央广网

司法体制改革致力于营造公正司法“大环境”,破除影响审判活动的“中梗阻”,畅通司法权力运行的“微循环”,维护司法公正

“法安天下,德润人心。”习近平总书记如此描述法治中国新图景。公正司法,是迈向这一法治图景的重要环节。目前,党中央确定的129项司法体制改革任务中,118项已经出台改革意见,11项正深入研究制定改革方案。不久前,人民法院组织法修订草案、人民检察院组织法修订草案提请全国人大常委会审议,一系列司改成果有望通过立法的形式固定下来,公正司法的中国经验正在形成。

党的十八届四中全会指出,公正是法治的生命线。党的十八大以来,司法体制改革致力于营造公正司法“大环境”,破除影响审判活动的“中梗阻”,畅通司法权力运行的“微循环”,维护司法公正。首先是努力营造保证公正司法的“大环境”,确保依法独立公正行使审判权检察权。比如建立领导干部干预司法活动的“防火墙”,划定权与法之间的“高压线”;建立省以下地方法院检察院人财物统一管理制度,防止“司法地方化”;建立司法机关内部人员过问案件的“过滤网”,杜绝关系案、人情案等,保证司法在良性状态下运行。

审判,是司法权运行的关键环节,然而以往实践中存在着对法庭审判重视不够的现象,使庭审的作用无法得到充分发挥,成为影响公正司法的“中梗阻”。深化司法体制改革启动以来,围绕以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革,各级公检法单位全面贯彻证据裁判原则,进一步优化司法职权配置,有效确保了审判程序的合法化、正当化,突出了司法权威。同时,以审判为中心的改革也改变了以往一些过时的思想观念和工作方式,推动了司法文明稳步提高,使司法公正得到更好保障。

保证公正司法,法院检察院内部运行的“微循环”也很重要。以往,资深的法官检察官随着职务的提升,常常脱离办案一线;而由于案件审批等制度,法官、合议庭的办案主体地位也得不到充分保障。中央推进司法体制改革以来,法院以完善审判权运行体系为目标,检察院以充分行使检察权为目标,大力推进系统内部改革,畅通司法权力运行“微循环”。通过建立法官检察官员额制,实现司法人员分类管理,把基层法院检察院85%以上的司法人力资源配置到办案一线,院长、庭长等不再签批案件,确保“让审理者裁判、由裁判者负责”。

党的十八大以来深化司法体制改革的一条重要经验,就是抓住新一轮科技革命的历史性机遇,构建人力和科技深度融合、体制机制改革和科技应用双轮驱动的司法运行新模式。如今,不论是全方位查控“老赖”、有效缓解执行难,还是视频作证、电子阅卷、科技法庭、大数据分析等,都在司法机关得到广泛运用。网上立案、在线调解、实时查询、互联网法院等各项司法便民措施,让人民群众深切感受科技带来的方便快捷。司法改革融合科技进步,更加公正高效。

“司法公正对社会公正具有重要引领作用,司法不公对社会公正具有致命破坏作用。”公正司法要让群众看得到,否则一纸判决将是一张“司法白条”。党的十八大以来,全国司法系统依法纠正重大冤假错案34件,涉及54名当事人,重塑了司法保护人权、维护公平正义的形象。司法体制改革从人民群众不满意的问题改起,让每个公民都能感受到公平正义,彰显了党中央建设公正高效权威社会主义司法制度的坚定决心,必将持续赢得人民群众对司法的信心。

(作者为中南财经政法大学副校长、中国刑事诉讼法研究会副会长)

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