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开放编写教材,避免“致命错误”

2017-09-08 15:41:45   国际在线

教材编写应当建立开放的机制,地方教材尤其应当引入市场竞争机制,可以有多个版本的不同教材,由各学校自主选择使用,在选择时充分听取教师委员会和家长委员会的意见。这样才能促进地方教材更具地方特色,提高教材编写质量和教育效果。

湖南省一本地方教材被曝存在“致命错误”,引起社会关注。编辑这本教材的湖南省教育科学研究院表示,就该教材部分内容不全面、不完善、更新不及时向全省中小学生以及社会各界表示歉意,并将印发更正通知。

这本《生命与健康常识》中出现的“致命错误”,是学生在使用教材过程中发现的。学生发现有关“溺水怎么救护”的内容和游泳教练讲的不一样,由于说法不同,究竟该按谁说的去救护,可谓人命关天的大问题。假如教材说的是对的,那教练教给学生的就是错的,用在实战救护中的做法也是错的;假如教材的内容是错的,那学生学到的救护知识(诸如将溺水者提脚倒立、膝顶腹部等控水方法)就可能产生严重的误导。

据报道,湖南省教育厅对此事高度重视,迅速组织部分水上救援专业人员及医护人员,对该教材涉及溺水救护的内容进行分析论证。专家认为教材相关内容存在错误,要求编写者根据专家论证意见进行修订。其实,这样的论证会是迟到的论证会,应该在教材编写或者审核时就组织论证,如果事先有这样的论证会,“致命的错误”应当就能够避免。

我国各地开始在中小学生中进行生命教育、生活教育,这是可喜的进步。生命教育、生活教育是学生不可缺少的重要教育,开展好生命教育、生活教育,不能只有概念,重视形式,更重要的是要让学生真正树立生命尊严意识、健康意识,同时学会相关生存、逃生、救灾的技能。这样的教育就必须立足生活,不能只给学生讲大道理,不能脱离实际闭门造车,给学生教一些教育者自认为正确的救护办法。

从媒体报道看,《生命与健康常识》的编写者似乎没有实际救护经验。不过这并非问题的关键所在——不能要求编写者一定有一线救护经历,但如果编写者没有经验,却凭自己想象或者一些陈旧的资料信息编写内容,就难免出错。为避免出错,最适合的办法就是听取专业人士的意见。

  近年来,针对中小学教材,不时有家长、教师和专业人士质疑编写错误,甚至是一些低级错误。之所以发生这样的错误,与教材的编写机制有关——教材往往主要由几位专家编写,然后交教育主管部门审定,审定后所有学校、学生使用。这种闭门编写机制,一方面容易造成教材的编写和实际教学脱节,另一方面,由于编写者自身视野、专业知识的局限,容易出现教材内容的疏漏。建立开放的教材编写机制,是解决这些问题的根本之道。

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