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美国大学研发“测癌笔” 可在10秒钟内识别出癌细胞

2017-09-07 16:42:01   国际在线

图:德克萨斯大学所研发的MasSpec Pen。

国际在线专稿:据英国广播公司9月7日报道,近日,美国德克萨斯大学的科学家称,一种形似“钢笔”的手持设备可在10秒钟内识别出癌变组织。该项发明可以更快、更安全、更精准地切除肿瘤。在美国学术刊物《科学·转化医学》发表的一项测试表明,这项技术的准确率达到了96%。这款名为MasSpec Pen的设备利用癌细胞独特的新陈代谢方式以实现精准检测。

这只“笔”一旦接触到可疑癌细胞就会释放一小滴极少量的水,然后该细胞内的化学物质会进入到水滴中,最后回收到笔中进行分析。再将这支笔插入到质谱仪(一种可以每秒测量成千上万种化学物质的装置)中进行分析,这支笔会产生出一种化学指纹,告知医生该细胞是健康组织还是癌变组织。

外科医生面临的挑战是精准划分癌症和正常组织之间的界限。在某些肿瘤中,该界限是分明的,但在另一些肿瘤中,界限却是模糊的。切除过少的癌细胞组织,会使残留癌细胞长成一个新的肿瘤。然而,对于像大脑这样的器官,过量切除就会造成损害。这只“笔”就是用来帮助医生们确保无癌细胞残留。

德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的化学助理教授丽薇娅·艾伯林(Livia Eberlin)告诉英国广播公司,“对于外科医生而言,该工具方便小巧,可迅速识别癌细胞,切实满足了临床需要,

目前,该项技术已在253个样本中进行了测试。在明年正式投入使用前,将会继续进行测试,以便及时完善该工具性能。近日,这支“笔”分析了一块1.5毫米的组织,但研究人员已经研发出了更精细的“笔”,应该能够分析直径0.6毫米的组织。

艾伯林博士称,“该项技术目前的障碍是笨重且昂贵的质谱仪,MasSpec Pen自身成本低廉且小巧简便。目前,正在研发更小巧、更便宜、可随意在房间移动的质谱仪。”

贝勒医学院的研究员和内分泌外科主任詹姆斯·苏里博科(James Suliburk)医生称:“作为医生,我们希望可以为患者提供更精准、更快捷与更安全的手术,这项技术充分满足了上述三点。”

MasSpec Pen是提高手术精准度的最新尝试,与之相类似的技术也层出不穷。伦敦帝国理工学院的一个研究小组发明了一种刀,它能“嗅”出它所切割的组织是否为癌细胞。哈佛大学一研究小组利用镭射光来分析大脑癌细胞的切除数量。

来自英国癌症研究中心的安妮·麦卡锡(Aine McCarthy)博士说:“这样的研究可以使医生更快地判断出肿瘤是否癌变,并了解其特征。在手术过程中迅速收集这些信息,可以帮助医生更快地确定患者的最佳治疗方案。”(尚闻多)

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