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明朝文化的“活化石”

2017-09-07 08:31:46   中国青年网

无论是平坝天龙,还是西秀区大西桥镇的鲍屯村、九溪村,这些屯堡村寨,均背靠青山,面临溪河。

走进屯堡村落,犹如走进一个石头的世界,从高处向下放眼望去,白白的一片,错落有致。在这里,屯堡建筑把石头工艺发挥到极致。石头房子,石头街道,石头墙,石头碾,石头磨,石头缸。

穿行寨中,犹如走进迷宫。安顺有关屯堡专家告诉记者:每个屯堡村寨都是一个扑朔迷离的“八卦阵”,以几条街为主干,其余街巷朝四周辐射;纵横交错,上下连接,里外相通,八方呼应。

在西秀区本寨村,石头房子一栋连着一栋,街巷两边,全是既高又厚的石头院墙;墙上开了许多外窗如缝、内宽如斗、呈现“八”字形的窗口。在窗口里面,可以清楚地观察外面的动静,并随时可伸出长矛、梭镖及火枪,重伤敌人。而在外面的人,则很难有施展本领的余地。

不仅是房屋建筑结构奇特,就连服装也保留着“原始风貌”,“凤阳汉装”是中老年妇女最为时尚的服饰,天青色斜襟大袖长袍,领口和袖口绣着花边,系青丝腰束,脚穿“高帮单勾凤头鞋”,头包白布或青布帕子。屯堡妇女的明代古装,600年来基本没什么大的改变,从明朝洪武年间一直穿到现在。她们不仅以这一形象劳作于田间地头,而且以这种古装形象穿行于现代都市,成为一道亮丽的风景。

在屯堡人的小院,只见木质门窗的图案精致华丽,就连每家庭院角落里的水漏都被精雕细刻,建筑中处处透着浓浓的江淮风格。在屯堡的石子小巷里来回转悠,感觉置身于精巧细致的江南。

走进屯堡,还能听到古老的江淮语音。尽管屯堡人与当地的各民族杂居600多年,但语言始终沿袭江淮母语特征。屯堡人有着浓重的卷舌音、儿化音,腔调高昂,明显不同于当地方言。

穿越时空隧道,600年前的江南风物在安顺定格,这里的一风一俗沁润着浓郁的江南情结。

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