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学会与“权利”相处

2017-09-07 07:26:52   中国青年网

□ 本报评论员 付小为

这两天,全国舆论都聚焦到了一个家庭的悲剧上。陕西榆林的一位产妇在待产过程中疼痛难忍,最终绝望地选择结束自己的生命。至于院方为何未能尊重产妇的剖宫产意愿,医院、家属双方仍是各执一词,真相扑朔迷离,仿若罗生门。

尽管说辞不一,但院方和家属至少对产妇一再表达剖宫产意愿的事实口径一致。为什么产妇本人在神志清醒的情况下所作出的生产方式的主张不被采纳?更进一步说,患者本人怎么就无法替自己做主了?实际上,事因之外,外界关注的重点亦在于此。

从医院方面公布的一系列书面材料来看,答案不难找到。由于产妇本人入院之初签署了一项授权委托书,授权其夫签署一切相关文书。她没有料到,从那一刻起,她会陷入走投无路的被动。且不说医院在产妇有自主能力的情形下为什么不能机动地更改授权,连带着住院知情同意书也成为了外界质疑的对象。明显地摘除自身责任的条款文书,为什么成为了入住医院的格式文本,除了签字别无选择?对入院文本质疑的背后,我们更容易忽视这项机制所处的环境。

将自己尽可能地摆在安全的位置,将责任尽可能地推离己身,表面上是住院知情同意书所呈现的不对等,推及医患关系的林林总总,似乎它又是诸多矛盾的根源。无论是医院一方,还是病患一方,这套逻辑在相互指责中共同演绎。

进入大众媒体的医疗事件,往往能最大程度地引发共鸣,但共鸣往往并不建立在相互理解、相互信任,冷静克制、客观公正的认知和处理具体的情况上。更多时候,我们看到的是医者群体与患者群体的各自为政,医者难以摆脱自身的职业属性,理性对待具体病例具体情形,患者也不能充分认知到医疗本身的风险性,乃至不可违背的死生规律,一味地把责任推向医生、医院。当医院清楚地意识到医护瑕疵的不可避免,又不断面临病患及其家属、上级部门的追责压力,便开始向“免责条款”寻求庇护。而随着这一制度的适用,医疗事件的累加,医者与患者的各自联盟越来越坚固刚硬,构筑起彼此无法对话沟通的高墙。

当我们把目光锁定在医院或者医疗事件时,你可能没有觉察到,同类关系、同类逻辑早已渗透在社会的方方面面。学校害怕担责而停开体育课,酒店担心意外而紧锁窗门,防备无处不在,而所有无限设防的初衷无外乎万一出了事,我可以顺利地将自己摘出事外。进而推演出置身事外远离麻烦的出事逻辑,路见摔跤,连上前扶一把都需要足够的勇气。

设防来自于对“麻烦”的恐惧,这种恐惧又来自于各类日常关系间不断地相互控诉、咄咄逼人地主张权利。诚然,身处权利觉醒的时代,我们享受了权利丰满所带来的许多进步,制度的完善、责任意识的增强等等。但当权利意识被无限放大甚至无理放大,每个人都只从自身去思考、去主张、去认死理,没有人与人最基本的理解、融通、退让,这个社会便陷入冰冷制度下的一个个矛盾的泥潭或僵局。

医疗制度之思不过撕开了社会的一个小口,以此为契机,每个人及其所站立的那一方,不妨走出我和“我们”的思维圈套,当我们能设身处地地理解、思考、争取权利时,我们的社会才可以说真正地走出权利迷思,走向制度规则的现代化,也才不至于陷入人人都是受害者的怪圈。

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