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关于敦刻尔克的三种书写

2017-09-07 07:11:44   中国青年网

文/周星星

30多万人困在海滩上,就像砧板上的肉;但是由于某些神秘原因,刀子没有落下来,他们撤走了,4年之后他们又打回来了,这就是敦刻尔克。

关于敦刻尔克,政治家、史家都有书写;至于诺兰的电影《敦刻尔克》,剧本是基于英国作家约书亚·莱文所著的同名图书,所以这是来自文学艺术的第三种书写。很自然的,每一种书写都既有真实一面,又有所遮蔽。

【政治家说】

功劳都是我们的

“政治书写”的代表作就是丘吉尔的《第二次世界大战回忆录》,在这本得过诺贝尔文学奖的书里,他用了整整两章讲述敦刻尔克。

丘吉尔是敦刻尔克撤退行动的决策者,其身份立场决定了他不可能承认仅仅因为“希特勒出昏招”那30多万人才活着回来了,他必须把功劳归于英国。

但“昏招说”的影响太大,丘吉尔因此还是虚晃一枪,煞有介事地研究了一番,然后放出大招——“在这一紧要关头影响德军装甲部队的行动的,还有另外的原因。”“加来是成败的关键所在……加来的防御战赢得了三天时间。”

接着他就晒出一堆电报,证明自己当时下令死守加来。

平心而论,丘吉尔的书还是有可读性的,他文采出众,善于在把握大局的同时“讲故事”。关于敦刻尔克,他讲了几个有意思的细节:

——英国政府公开征集有船的人,无论是什么船,开往敦刻尔克。“在这几天里,我没有见到我的海军部地图室主任海军上校皮姆和其他两三个经常见到的人。他们驾驶了一艘荷兰小船,在四天内运送了八百人。”

——德国空军努力轰炸,但是炸弹投入松软的沙内,爆炸的弹片被沙子包住,散不开。到处都是炸弹在爆炸,但是很少人受伤。

——英国空军努力战斗,但是海滩上的陆军很少见到空战场面,因为战斗时常是在几英里以外或云层上空进行的。于是陆军愤怒了,他们回国后侮辱了空军的人。

【史学家说】

别听政治家的

“历史书写”的代表作就是《第三帝国的兴亡》,这部名作也用了一章的篇幅讲述敦刻尔克。作者夏伊勒根本没有理会丘吉尔声称的“加来是成败的关键所在”,并且说还原真相本已难度很大,丘吉尔是在“火上加油”。

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