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让大树成为随时可用的“充电宝”

2017-09-06 15:06:48   中国青年网

在现代文明社会,电已经是不可缺少的重要能源。人类获取电能的方式多种多样,水力、火力、风甚至核能。但很少有人知道,其实大自然的不少植物中也蕴含着电能,虽然微弱,但积少成多依然可以发挥不小的作用。北京林业大学的李伟林等同学打起了“从树木中取电”的主意,他们在老师的指导下历时一年开展树木与土壤间微电能的采集存储研究,终于研发出一套“植物充电宝”。

李伟林介绍,“植物充电宝”是就地取材,利用树木内部液流与周围土壤之间产生的微弱植物电能,采集并升压存储,从而为布设在人迹罕至、环境艰苦的野外地区的无线传感器网络等低功耗设备供电。该作品在今年的第九届“挑战杯”首都大学生课外学术科技作品竞赛中获得了一等奖。

英国学者最早发现“植物电”

2012年,李伟林考入北京林业大学工学院。也是在这一年,工学院院长李文彬教授主持了国家自然科学基金“活立木生物电产生机理及其收集方法研究”的项目。李伟林后来的研究指导老师高林副教授,在这个项目中主要负责植物电能的采集存储研究。

这是一项非常前沿的研究项目,英国学者于1873年在捕蝇草叶片表面上首次发现了微弱的植物电,之后各国学者都对植物电的形成因素开展了研究。近年来,植物电能的研究逐渐转向应用方面,美国学者研究了以植物提供的微电能作为输入的压差升压器,能将极小电压增加至相对较高的1.1伏电压。不过由于升压转换及设备低能耗技术的限制,植物电能应用未能有显著进步。

2015年,升入大三的李伟林和其他3位同学一起跟随高林老师,开始了关于植物充电装置研发工作的大学生创新训练项目,“传统的科学研究仅仅探测到了植物内存在带电粒子的运动,检测到了电流的产生,却并没有对这种电能进行收集和储存。”李伟林说,他们的主要目标就是将植物内部的电压“提取”并储存起来。

粗看,这几乎是不可能完成的任务,幸好李伟林他们之前已经经历过电子元件、电路设计的训练——他们做了一台草坪修整机,可以根据自己的设计将草坪修剪出个性化的图案,“知道很困难,但大家都很有热情,就义无反顾地投入了进去。”李伟林说。

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