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古稻作邂逅新思维

2017-09-06 08:37:35   中国青年网

今年6月,全国稻田综合种养现场会明确了稻渔综合种养的发展方向——

要保障“米袋子”不减量,农民增收不“缩水”;要始终坚持“稳粮增收”,把稻渔综合种养作为协调国家“要粮”与农民“要钱”需求的金钥匙;要充分利用稻渔综合种养生态安全的优势,减少化肥和农药使用量、减少面源污染、改善生态环境,生产出更多质量安全的产品;要充分延长产业链,提升价值链,推进稻渔综合种养与旅游、教育、文化、健康养老等产业深度融合;要总结稻渔综合种养的成功经验,将其作为产业扶贫的有效手段加以推广。

这与贵州的选择路径不谋而合。

贵州作为全国唯一没有平原支撑的省份,因为地理环境的制约,对规模化、机械化、现代化生产造成了巨大障碍,种粮难、种粮投入大、产出低,发展普通水稻处于劣势,根本无法与平原种粮大省竞争。

“贵州唯一的优势在于生态环境好、污染少,气候、地理环境独特。”省农委总农艺师黄俊明如是说。

只有利用独特的气候、生态和地理环境,加大适合贵州气候、生态和地理环境生长的优质稻品种的开发,开发出品质卓越的产品,从产品质量、价格、附加值上与平原地区进行差异化竞争。

循着这条思路,我们在贵州南部月亮山腹地,找到了一种已经传承了千年之久、近乎完美,且历久弥新的生态综合种养模式——从江侗乡稻鱼鸭复合系统。

当地侗族群众在长期的生产实践中,遵从自然法则,摸索出了特色鲜明的稻—鱼—鸭生态种养模式——

鱼、鸭在生长过程中,摄食活动能为水稻除草、松土、抑制虫害,有利水稻根系发育,促进水稻有效分蘖;鱼鸭粪便和排泄物又作水稻肥料,提高了土地肥力。

这种相互利用,相互促进,形成稻鱼鸭共生、鱼米鸭同收的生态农业模式。

2011年和2013年,从江县稻鱼鸭生态种养模式分别被联合国粮农组织和国家农业部授予“全球重要农业文化遗产”和“中国重要农业文化遗产”保护试点。

穿越千年,贵州把以“稻鱼鸭”为代表的传统稻作理念,与现代稻作思想融合起来,必会演绎出全新的稻作传奇。

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