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叫停ICO是监管数字货币的信号

2017-09-06 06:17:05   中国青年网

近期,通过代币发行如ICO等形式的融资活动大量涌现,投机炒作盛行,严重扰乱了经济金融秩序。对此,加强监管,对于整治市场乱象,保护投资者利益,严防金融风险有着积极意义。监管层更应思考的是,如何避免“一阵风”似的“运动式”监管,并尽快建立起针对数字货币的监管长效机制

9月4日,针对近期首次代币发行(ICO)乱象,7部门联合发文叫停。

近期,通过代币发行如ICO等形式的融资活动大量涌现,投机炒作盛行,严重扰乱了经济金融秩序。监管层此时迅速出击,对于整治市场乱象,保护投资者利益,严防金融风险有着积极意义。

各类以ICO名义筹资的项目看似与证券市场首次公开发行(IPO)相似,但在一段时间内处于监管的灰色地带。随着其规模迅速扩大,涉及的普通投资者也越来越多。

国家互联网金融风险分析技术平台近期发布的报告显示,今年上半年,国内已完成的ICO项目共计65个,累计融资规模26.16亿元,累计参与人次达10.5万。据统计,主要融资币种包括比特币、以太币,还有少量EOS、莱特币、量子链、公信币、小蚁币等。

对于ICO的火热,此前有不少人持支持态度,认为ICO只是一种商品,并非股票等有价证券。ICO基于区块链技术,不仅是一种创新的交易方式,更能够推动区块链技术发展。

但令人担忧的是,实际上很多ICO项目是借区块链名义炒作概念的“伪ICO”。从技术上来看,部分项目对区块链随意裁剪,实质上不具备数据防篡改、去中心等特点。从资金募集和使用来看,部分项目采用各类误导性宣传手段,以ICO名义从事融资活动。由于这些虚拟币的匿名性,有一些项目发起人和机构还可能涉及地下非法交易或者洗钱等行为。

几天前,中国互联网金融协会也提示,由于ICO项目资产不清晰,投资者适当性缺失,信息披露严重不足,投资活动面临较大风险。投资者应冷静判断,谨慎对待,自行承担投资风险。

从监管的角度看,对于新生事物,的确要平衡风险与创新间的关系。一方面,对于创新应当给予一定的鼓励和包容;另一方面,也不能听之任之,对于已经出现的风险苗头,部分披着新技术的外衣,本质上是金融诈骗、非法集资的行为,监管应尽早出手。

目前,不仅是ICO,随着比特币等虚拟币的扩张,一些国家已经开始重视这些数字货币的风险,部分国家已经将其纳入监管范围。7月25日,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)明确ICO代币是一种证券,在SEC的监管范围内,需要符合联邦证券法的相关规定,并且提醒投资者谨慎作出投资决定。美国纽约还专门出台了针对数字虚拟币的监管法案;欧盟今年也将数字货币领域的反洗钱管控纳入《反洗钱法》。

当前,我国数字货币发展较快,但相关监管的常态机制还有待建立。就拿ICO来说,伴随其野蛮生长,涉及的投资者越来越普遍,人数也越来越多。很多缺乏相关专业知识、风险承受能力较差的普通投资者也盲目参与,投机炒作氛围浓厚。一旦出现“跑路”事件,很可能出现类“e租宝”式的后果,普通投资者的巨额资金难以追回,甚至影响社会稳定。

全国金融工作会议强调,要强化金融监管的专业性统一性穿透性,所有金融业务都要纳入监管。也就是说,不管是传统金融业务还是创新性业务,不管是线下还是线上金融,不管是持牌金融机构还是未持牌但从事金融活动的机构,都应该纳入监管范围。

在叫停ICO之后,相关监管手段应尽快落地,避免其野蛮生长误伤创新。在整顿当前ICO平台的同时,监管层更应思考的是,如何避免“一阵风”似的“运动式”监管,并尽快建立起针对数字货币的监管长效机制。

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