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国务院:避免学生因厌学、贫困、偏远辍学

2017-09-05 16:56:45   央广网

央广网北京9月5日消息 (记者王启慧)为在全面建成小康社会、打赢脱贫攻坚战的形势下,提高义务教育巩固水平、保障义务教育发展。近日,国务院办公厅印发了《关于进一步加强控辍保学提高义务教育巩固水平的通知》(国办发〔2017〕72号,以下简称《通知》)。

《通知》针对学生辍学的主要原因,提出了有针对性的工作举措,即“三避免、一落实”:

一是避免因学习困难或厌学辍学。改善农村办学条件,加强农村教师队伍建设,加大对学习困难学生帮扶力度,丰富教学内容,改革教育方式和评价方式,提高学校吸引力,让孩子们从小愿意上学。结合实际,在普通初中开设职业技术课程,组织普通初中学生到当地中等职业学校(含技工学校)选修职业教育专业课程,提供多种成才渠道,使他们升学有基础、就业有能力。

二是避免因贫失学辍学。把控辍保学工作作为脱贫攻坚的硬任务,压实工作责任。聚焦贫困地区和贫困人口,把建档立卡等家庭经济困难学生作为脱贫攻坚重点对象,坚持优先帮扶、精准扶贫。按照“一家一案,一生一案”制订扶贫方案,统筹各类扶贫、惠民政策,确保孩子不因家庭经济困难而失学辍学。全面落实教育扶贫和资助政策,加大对家庭经济困难学生资助力度,对残疾学生和残疾人子女优先予以资助。

三是避免因上学远上学难而辍学。优化学校布局,规范乡村小规模学校撤并程序,加强乡村小规模学校和乡镇寄宿制学校建设,在人少路远、交通不便的地方适当保留或设置必要的教学点。因地制宜通过增加寄宿床位、增加公共交通线路和站点、提供校车服务等多种方式,妥善解决农村学生上学远和寄宿学生家校往返交通问题。用信息化手段使农村获得更多优质教育资源。

四是落实政府及社会各方控辍保学责任。政府要履行控辍保学法定职责,政府各相关部门要相互配合,建立联控联保工作机制。对父母或监护人无正当理由未送适龄少儿入学的,政府要责令改正。学校要建立和完善辍学学生劝返复学、登记与书面报告制度,加强家校联系,做好辍学学生劝返复学工作。

此外,《通知》有一些突破性政策举措:一是健全了控辍保学的工作机制,提出完善行政督促复学机制、建立义务教育入学联控联保工作机制、建立控辍保学动态监测机制、完善控辍保学督导机制和考核问责机制;二是明确了政府、社会、家庭、学校各方在控辍保学工作中责任;三是提出了以学生为中心的“精准化”帮扶政策,加强分类指导,因地、因家、因人施策;四是重点强调了各级政府要调整优化财政支持结构,优先发展、优先保障义务教育。

《通知》明确了省级、县级人民政府,学校、教师,家长在控辍保学过程中应承担的责任。强调完善控辍保学督导机制和考核问责机制。建立控辍保学约谈制度和通报制度,实行控辍保学督导检查结果公告、限期整改和责任追究制度。通过多种形式加大宣传力度,不断提高全社会对义务教育控辍保学工作重要性的认识,完善义务教育入学通知书制度,切实强化家长和适龄儿童少年的法律意识,营造适龄儿童少年依法接受义务教育的良好氛围。教育部将研究制订相关文件,推动进一步提高农村教育质量,增强学校吸引力。切实推动文件各项工作落到实处。

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