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百余岁玉佛禅寺大雄宝殿“起步走”

2017-09-03 08:11:04   中国青年网

同时,大雄宝殿建造年代久远,建筑又为砖木结构,寺外环境的改造施工不可避免地对殿堂底部的桩基结构造成一定影响。而殿堂木构、瓦片,历经风雨,也存在虫蛀或松动。

“整座寺院面临着消防、交通、建筑结构、高密度人员集聚等多重公共安全隐患。”玉佛禅寺法师说,为了消除这些安全隐患,更好地保护寺院历史建筑,上海玉佛禅寺于2014年7月正式启动“消除安全隐患保护性修缮工程”,除了将东西两侧厢房改为独立殿堂以重塑空间外,也借助现代平移技术将大雄宝殿向北位移30.66米,以腾出更多的殿前空间。

今年5月18日,上海玉佛禅寺封闭大雄宝殿,开始进行加固修缮及平移准备工作。

据悉,在大雄宝殿平移之后,殿前将加盖钟鼓楼及观音殿,统一江南《营造法原》殿廷建筑风格,使得玉佛禅寺的建筑布局更加完整。“当然,即使加盖殿堂,大雄宝殿前的公共空间还是比原来翻了1倍多。”

施工采用虚拟现实技术

平移前的几周,记者实地探访。在大雄宝殿内部,脚手架错落有序,三尊大佛被“包裹”得密密实实,四周搭设了钢性框架。

“为使整个平移修缮工作不受干扰,我们在外面造了一个罩子,同时为保证佛像法相庄严,钢性的框架外部全部采用了木板及布条进行封闭。”据总承包施工的上海建工四建集团有限公司项目负责人透露,这次平移的原理为先对大雄宝殿进行加固托换,与原基础切断,将其放置在平台上,进行整体的移动和抬升,这个平台称之为托盘梁;在托盘梁下部修建一滑移轨道,滑移轨道与托盘梁间安装滑移装置,利用水平千斤顶顶推上托盘梁,使大雄宝殿沿着轨道方向滑移到新的位置,再安装千斤顶进行交替顶升,抬升就位;最后将大雄宝殿与新基础进行连接。

在整个实施过程中,工程难度最大的,就数大殿地基加固和殿堂内佛像的保护了。由于古建筑的地基质地比较松散,如果不做妥善处理,一旦在托放平移过程中发生较大震动,地基很容易发生坍塌。为此,施工方采取压力注浆的方法,将原本松散的地基变为一个坚实的整体。

“除了1929年上海的一份平面图,我们再没有别的建筑资料图可参考了,只能边修边勘。”工程负责人告诉记者,施工过程中采用基于多源数据的既有建筑数字化建模技术。大雄宝殿虽为单层建筑,但结构架构错综复杂,陈列佛像神态各异,单一扫描方式无法达到高精度细节的要求。为此,四建集团运用了三维激光扫描、近景测量、无人机航摄影像等技术,对大雄宝殿进行快速扫描,采用数据融合技术实现2D和3D影像的融合,对三维场景精准复原,同时利用虚拟现实技术及其他数字技术,立体再现大雄宝殿的原貌。

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