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上海:百年名刹启动保护性修缮工程 大型古建筑“行走”30米

2017-09-02 19:20:51   中国青年网

新华社上海9月2日电(记者陆文军、吴霞)上海百年名刹玉佛禅寺启动了保护性修缮工程。2日,作为修缮工程中最关键也是难度最大的步骤——大雄宝殿整体平移正式启动。具有130多年历史的雄伟古建筑,将在两周内向北水平“行走”30.66米,历史风貌将得以完整保护保留。

始建于1882年的上海玉佛禅寺位于中心城区,寺院信徒众多,海内外游客络绎不绝,年客流量可达到200万人次。每逢重大节日、香期,更是人山人海,单日客流量甚至突破10万人次。

中国佛教协会副会长、上海玉佛禅寺方丈觉醒法师介绍,由于寺内建筑物间的空间狭小,容易造成严重的客流安全隐患,同时大雄宝殿建造年代久远,建筑又为砖木结构,历经风雨,存在虫蛀或松动情况。为了更好展现历史风貌,消除公共安全隐患,寺院决定启动保护性修缮工程。

整体修缮工程于2014年7月启动,除了将东西两侧厢房改为独立殿堂以重塑空间外,还要借助现代平移技术将大雄宝殿向北位移30.66米,以腾出更多的殿前空间,保障公共安全。

经过三年的缜密筹备,整个修缮工程挑战最大的环节——大雄宝殿整体平移工程正式启动。为了完整保护历史原貌,大雄宝殿内的佛像及文物也将随建筑完成整体平移,这在国内建筑史上也罕有先例。

据介绍,平移中难度最大的是大殿地基加固和殿堂内佛像的保护。由于古建筑的地基质地比较松散,如果不做妥善处理,一旦在托放平移过程中发生较大震动,地基很容易发生坍塌。为此,施工方采取压力注浆的方法,将原本松散的地基变为一个坚实的整体。

大殿内的佛像不属于建筑结构的一部分,也需要采取特别的保护措施保证其安全性。为此,玉佛禅寺和工程方特别邀请上海博物馆的文物保护专家出谋划策,最后决定采用“框支撑”的保护技术,保证佛像在平移顶升的加速瞬间能够稳如泰山。

大雄宝殿平移到位后,还需要顶升1.05米,底部千斤顶将分为两组进行交替顶升,使建筑物连续受力,不发生偏斜。借助此次平移,大雄宝殿还将在整体结构不做任何变动的基础上,增加底部混凝土平层,从而提升主体建筑抗震性,稳固其建筑结构,更好地保护原有历史风貌。

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