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铁路混改要着眼于做大增量蛋糕

2017-09-01 09:46:26   央广网

今日社评

本报特约评论员

铁路的最大资产是什么?除了路网,最宝贵的是沿线待开发土地资产,是大数据、大物流的开发与应用,是与互联网、物联网及现代物流的深度融合与共享。混改无须一上来就触碰铁路亏损部分,而是着眼于运输部分之外的铁路资产综合经营开发,先共同做大增量蛋糕。

继上月中旬总量达780亿元的联通混改方案落地后,更多央企的混改方案将陆续出炉。十九大召开前后,央企有望掀起一波混改的小高潮。

中国铁路总公司官网昨天报道,中铁总已向阿里、腾讯、顺丰等发出了参与中铁总混改邀请,受邀企业态度积极、反响热烈。报道还说,受邀企业的阵营将要进一步扩大。

从去年下半年开始,中铁总与阿里、腾讯、顺丰等的混改接触已进行了多轮。昨天消息的发布,很可能意味着彼此联姻框架已搭建完成,具体的谈判即将开始或已然开始,瓜熟蒂落、水到渠成之日很可能比市场预期要快,参股资金也有可能超出舆论预估。

阿里、腾讯、顺风等优质民企都是国内外大型和超大型上市公司,自身年盈利均在数十亿元到数百亿元之间。参与央企混改,它们一不缺大体量的参股资金;二可以避免前些年有钱无处投、不得不参与一些现在看来并不那么恰当的“务虚投资”(譬如收购体育俱乐部之类),引导和帮助它们将宝贵的发展资金,用于进一步做强国家的实体经济,创造可直接触摸且令人怦然心动的投资机会;三是它所产生的投资导向和市场从众效应,将影响更多民资重回实业和实体。

中铁总混改是十八大以后深化国企改革、进一步做强央企战略部署的标志性进展,是央企混改的“高档版本”和“高难版本”。如果得到突破,那么,各类央企及地方各级国企混改的天空将豁然开朗,就不再有难以攻克之堡垒。正因为如是,从四年前铁道部蝶变为中铁总降生起,中央就对中铁总建立现代企业制度,为最终实现铁路资产股权化、证券化提出了明确要求,继而以“两化”为基,实现铁路资产的资本化经营,开拓一条以铁路运输为基本立足点的综合经营新路来。

铁路体制改革这四年,混改始终未有大突破。据此,有舆论认定,民资无利不起早,作为现实的亏损大户,以及铁路公益与商业的“交叉混业”形态,是中铁总混改不受民资及社会其他外部资本追捧的直接原因。其实,这是一个似是而非的说法。时至今日,央企混改不可能再搞“摸着石头过河”,需要先进行慎重试点暴露问题获取经验,中石化销售板块1100亿元的混改以及上海港员工持股试点的成功,为中央制定混改规矩提供了前置条件,这是一个不能省略的“时间过程”。同时,国企内部、社会各界、混改参与者均需有一个观察、思考过程和认知统一过程,这同样是无法省略的。

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