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从古诗文中汲取滋养

2017-09-01 08:50:56   中国青年网

又到了中小学开学的日子。据报道,由教育部统一组织编写的新版道德与法治、语文、历史教材将于9月1日在全国使用,《语文》所选古诗文数量比过去增加,且体裁多样,其中小学语文有古诗文129篇,初中有132篇。

古诗文是中华文化的国粹与精华,历经千百年的传承,至今熠熠生辉。中小学语文教材增加经典古诗词,让孩子们从小接触、学习、感知古诗文的魅力,对于弘扬传统文化,强化对中华文明的认知、自信心与自豪感显然大有裨益。同时对陶冶孩子们的道德情操和文学灵性,用优秀文化滋润思想灵魂,增强中华文化的精气神,也大有帮助。

语文教材古诗增量显然很必要,但如何让古诗文内化于学生的心,则需要提高“教”的工夫。古诗文对遣词造句、格律的要求非常严格,也比较难懂,属难度较大的一种文学种类与形式,孩子对古诗的认识与理解还是较浮浅的,如果采用“填鸭式”课堂灌输,孩子们或许能背上一些古诗,但难解其意与韵味,因此要让孩子们真正读懂、理解古诗文,工夫应花在提高教学质量,做到精教、细嚼、深解。

精教就是精心讲解,教学精耕细作;细嚼就是仔细咬嚼古诗的味道,精心琢磨,反复玩味;深解就是全面、准确的理解古诗的含义与韵味,而不是一知半解,囫囵吞枣。古诗内涵深厚,词句高度凝练,释义紧凑,言简意赅,不仅文学造诣极高,且含有深刻的哲理,因此为孩子讲解古诗文要有业精于勤的教学“工匠”精神,讲深讲透,切忌粗枝大叶。比如爱听故事是孩子的天性,而几乎每一首古诗都有着娓娓动听的故事,老师如能将古诗词与故事“嫁接”,通过讲好故事帮助孩子们理解古诗文,这样教学效果显然会更好。

学好、领会古诗文,还需发挥社会大课堂的作用,充分利用好博物馆资源。譬如我国多个城市建有唐代大诗人“李白纪念馆”,如果组织孩子们到馆内边参观边咏读李白诗词,在此种文化氛围的熏陶中,触景生情,融会贯通,对李白诗篇的理解和消化就会比单一的课堂教学更深刻。(尹卫国)

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