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谁能清晰地看见这个世界

2017-09-01 08:21:05   中国青年网

安伯托·艾柯及其作品

安伯托·艾柯曾言,“真实人生中,我们往往在大势底定无可更改时才迟迟进场,却又在胜败未分的混沌中提早离席。”那如同黑洞般深不见底的世界,在艾柯的语言中清晰分明。这位典型的欧洲公共知识分子、可爱的意大利老人,穿行于高雅、精英和流行、大众之间游刃有余,还不失幽默与温度,但他却说自己无法清晰地看见这个世界。

《玫瑰的名字》使安伯托·艾柯蜚声世界,跻身第一流的后现代主义小说家之列,却还是无法使人忽视他哲学家、符号学家、历史学家、文学批评家的身份。这位坚持以哲学家自居的曾经的米兰大学建筑系教授,被《剑桥意大利文学史》誉为20世纪后半期最耀眼的意大利作家,并盛赞他那“贯穿于职业生涯的‘调停者’和‘综合者’意识”。

被誉为百科全书式学者的安伯托·艾柯是个难以归类的人,严肃的学者们会将他的《开放的作品》《启示录派与综合派》《符号学原理》奉若真理,而文艺青年们也会在《康德与鸭嘴兽》《带着鲑鱼去旅行》《密涅瓦火柴盒》寻找到广阔的视野和会心的笑容。学术著作纵然呈现了他对抽象世界的宏观思考,而杂文小说则透露出他对于世俗世界的趣味发现。作为一个注重趣味的读者,我更愿意谈谈后者。

安伯托·艾柯在接受中国记者采访时曾说:“别人对我的本意有误解的话,通常有两种可能性:我不这样认为,但你有权利那样认为。我的本意是说,我不想跟别人说你应该怎么理解我,或者你要按我的意思理解,也许你按照你的方式去理解,比我的理解还深,这也说不定。……我的译者也经常这样问我,一个字我用的意思是A还是B,我的本意是想用A,但是译者用B的时候,比我原来的意思更漂亮或者更准确。”这也侧面印证了书比人更有哲学性,以及理解方式的因人而异。

艾柯有一本书叫《小记事》,中译本为《误读》,《误读》这本小书淋漓地显现了艾柯的天马行空,无论什么样的故事由艾柯叙述出来总是那么的有趣又深刻,比如书中的第一章故事《乃莉塔》。你可能会对一位迷恋七八十岁老太太的青年匪夷所思,但如果看了弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫的《洛丽塔》,就会明白原委,艾柯只不过是仿照这个故事,以游戏的态度将它“脑洞”了,这种看似玩世不恭的手法被铺上了恰到好处的底色,读者反而会惊叹他的鬼才。

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