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得名苏-57 T-50终成正果

2017-08-31 05:47:13   中国青年网

据有关媒体报道,近期,俄罗斯空天军总司令邦达列夫在接受俄军方“红星”电视台采访时透露,俄罗斯第五代战斗机已正式命名为苏-57,将于2018年开始列装部队。这里说的俄第五代战斗机就是世人瞩目的T-50。在历经重重波折之后,T-50终于有了利好消息。

科研工作没有一帆风顺,永远在问题和失败中跋涉前行。这可能就是科研工作的宿命。更何况作为一款集各种高技术于一身的先进战机,苏-57的研发逶迤前行一点儿也不奇怪。T-50于2010年1月29日成功首飞,普京总统第二任期一上台就坚决表示T-50将在2015年列装。可首飞以来一连串的事故表明,T-50离列装仍有较长的路要走。

T-50第一次公开飞行展示是在2011年的莫斯科航展上,本想露露脸,却不曾想刚一起飞就因技术原因而中止飞行,紧急降落。在2013年莫斯科航展上,一架T-50在众目睽睽之下发生了发动机起火事故。2014年6月,第五架T-50原型机在茹科夫斯基城为合作伙伴印度代表表演,着陆时右侧发动机尾喷管冒出烟来,在跑道上停稳后,右翼下侧出现火花。

T-50在研发过程确实遭遇过诸如发动机性能、隐身能力和电子系统达不到要求等问题,特别是乌克兰危机爆发以后,美国等西方国家对俄罗斯不断制裁,使T-50遇到研发经费跟不上的困难。

T-50是俄第五代战斗机的工厂编号,军方正式为该机命名是该机装备部队之前要做的工作,这意味着它已基本完成包括机载电子系统和各种武器试验在内的国家测试,俄军所要求的各种性能指标已得到验证,已基本能满足俄空天军作战需求,可进行小批量生产,将被正式纳入俄空天军装备序列。

尽管如此,一波三折的发展过程给苏-57带来的负面影响还一时难以消除,甚至有人怀疑它可能不是一型真正的第五代战斗机。

所谓第五代战斗机的“4S”标准是美国在研发F-22时确定的,包括低可探测性即隐身性、高机动性和敏捷性、超音速巡航、短距起降和良好的可维护性。之后“4S”就成了衡量其他战机是不是第五代战斗机的“金标准”。随着战斗机技术的发展,机载电子系统的综合化程度又成了考查一款战斗机是否为第五代战斗机一条重要指标。

其实,俄罗斯2002年决定研发第五代战斗机时,就提出了隐身、超机动、超音速巡航、作战半径大和短距起降五个方面的主要要求。

在隐身方面,苏-57采用了大量措施。采用翼身融合常规气动布局,修型大边条,机身与机翼平滑过渡,菱形机头,外倾全动双垂尾,内埋式机腹双弹舱,舱门边缘采用锯齿状结构,雷达吸波涂料和复合材料等。俄罗斯有关方面自称T-50拥有最佳隐身性能,反射的雷达波不比一个手球反射的多。美国媒体说苏-57雷达散射截面积为0.1平方米。

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