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金融扶贫需遵循市场化规律

2017-08-30 09:36:51   中国经济网

本期执笔 李林鸾

【农村金融时报】

授人以鱼,不如授人以渔,这是千百年来古人总结出来的经验。扶贫的根本是授人以渔,金融扶贫则是“授人以渔”的重要担当。因为经济规律决定了只有将以前的“扶贫款”变成“扶贫贷款”,才能激发贫困户的内在动力。

为此,顶层设计将金融机构承担的社会责任与商业经营结合起来,形成了特殊的金融扶贫机制,比如扶贫小额信贷等。

但在不少人眼中,精准扶贫更是一项政治任务。这种强调“公平”的硬任务难免会与金融机构的市场逻辑、追求效率存在矛盾之处,问题也随之而来。

国务院扶贫办、财政部、人民银行、银监会与保监会日前联合印发的《关于促进扶贫小额信贷健康发展的通知》中指出,目前扶贫小额信贷在运行过程中存在资金使用不合理、贷款发放不合规、风险管理不到位等苗头性倾向性问题。

扶贫十分必要,但前提是,扶贫不能侵蚀既有的市场化成果。金融扶贫不应该是违背现有的法律法规与行政条例,为贫困地区“开绿灯”,而是在合规合法的前提下,对贫困地区创新开设金融服务“绿色通道”。因为在扶贫的道路上,目标正义和程序正义缺一不可。

在金融扶贫里,打好精准扶贫攻坚战绝不是纸面文章或高喊口号的政治责任,而应该是切实发挥金融手段的基本履职目标。实现这个目标,在强化金融扶贫的政治考核意义外,金融机构更该充分尊重市场逻辑。因为,金融扶贫重点应该是围绕扶贫开发特定客户群体,在遵循商业金融基本规律之“道”下,寻求如何引导金融机构投入更多资源开展金融扶贫和更好地发挥金融机构支持扶贫开发的特定优势之“术”,进而形成商业金融扶贫“以道御术”的内生动力和有效机制。

比如,扶贫小额信贷形式上是扶贫资金与信贷资金的结合,实质上是依靠财政资金撬动,通过金融资本,促进贫困地区人力资源、自然资源等多种生产要素货币化、资本化、市场化,并利用风险补偿机制、保险、完善金融生态环境建设等为贫困户增信,为金融机构缓释风险,实现农村金融紧密融合、良性互动、协调发展。

在这个过程中,市场发挥决定性作用,而银行是市场经济的参与者,银行放贷必须遵循市场法则。因此,也只有把市场化运作贯穿于金融扶贫的全过程中,金融机构才能积极主动参与,金融精准扶贫才可持续。

同时,我们不能单纯依靠行政指令去强迫金融机构扶贫,也要保证金融机构的发展。并且以此为契机,引导其走上一条扩大经营范围、打基础、利长远之路,这样才能避免扶贫工作沦为纸面文章,真正激发金融业的动力,彰显共同富裕的终极正义。

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