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精细化治理不妨鼓励“各村有各村高招”

2017-08-30 04:11:27   中国青年网

城市治理自有其一般规律可循,同时更需要从实际出发,因地制宜。要更好实现精细化治理,很有必要鼓励“各村有各村的高招”。特别是对北京这样的超大型城市来说,地域广大,人口众多,各区的实际状况各有不同,在精细化治理上也会有各种不同的路径探索。前进路上只有更多尝试,才有更多经验,所有积极的创新探索都值得关注和思考。

近几个月,什刹海街区动作不断,持续给自己做减法。现如今,环湖酒吧街的二层违建已基本消失,广告牌匾遮挡住的灰色屋檐整个儿亮了出来,遍地开花的店外经营也不见踪影,这个著名的历史文化街区正逐渐“静下来、慢下来”,文保区特色和文化品位重新凸显。

什刹海堪称北京城名胜之一。但美丽的风景,厚重的文化,核心的区位,也让这里聚集了太多功能。很长一段时间以来,由于过度做加法,这里文保、商业、旅游、居住等多种功能全都掺和在一起,甚至彼此打架,不仅让古老的银锭桥不堪重负,而且引发了一系列治理乱象。当主动减负、瘦身健体成为治理共识,这个减法该怎么做、怎么保证做了有效果,显然学问更深。这不是拆几处违建那么简单,而是涉及到治理思路的根本转变。相较前期“反复治、治反复”的扯皮,现在什刹海之所以能以破竹之势清除痼疾,一个很重要的方面就是把这片老街区看做“活”的生命有机体,实现了业态、功能、风貌等等的重塑。这种精细化治理的探索,无疑具有样本意义。

城市是一个复杂的生态系统。它不只是钢筋水泥的简单堆砌、社会资源的机械累加,更是万千大事小情的相互交融、各种问题矛盾的交织错杂。治理超大型城市,大而化之不行,必须把治理单元划细划小。就好比俯瞰缩略地图可知一城全貌,但若想看清具体某条街的布局、某栋楼的位置,必须切出小板块、缩放比例尺,以便于将目标不断聚焦。在这方面,北京始终在探索。网格化管理就是一项重要治理经验。着眼于市容市貌的优化,东城区在2004年以每1万平方米为基本单位,将管辖地域划分为若干网格状的单元,随着社会治理创新升级,这一个个小格子被赋予了小到社区环境卫生、居民矛盾化解,大到社区党建、社会治安维护等诸多功能,成为有力的城市治理抓手。通过这一个个小格子,全区实现了全天候、全方位的动态管理,这项卓有成效的创新之举也被推广到全市。

与之相似,西城区本次进行的街区生态重塑同样是把治理单元划小,但它又不同于网格化的物理“阡陌”,而强调“街区生态”。老话常说,北京的“每一条胡同都有一个说头,每一条街道都有自己的故事”。以街区为单元的生态重塑,更多地立足个体特色,综合考虑诸如历史沿革、文脉延续、产业布局、资源禀赋、人居品质等多方因素,在精准定位的基础上寻求最优解。比如,什刹海立足文保区特色,选择减商降噪、呈现古都风貌;鼓楼西大街则在保留街巷肌理的基础上,着重突出“高品质文化休闲”的定位;阜内大街既让沿街门店的建筑立面恢复传统风貌,又启动绿化提升改造,注重营造生活氛围。可以看到,街区生态重塑不是简单拆除私搭乱建、恢复旧有建筑,而是环境的再设计,是联系历史与现在,实现老城渐进式有机更新、推进城市精细化治理的一条新路。

一座城市,三分靠建,七分靠管。而管起来,每条街又有每条街的情况,各社区又有各社区的实际。从某种意义上说,城市治理自有其一般规律可循,同时更需要从实际出发,因地制宜。要更好实现精细化治理,很有必要鼓励“各村有各村的高招”。特别是对北京这样的超大型城市来说,地域广大,人口众多,各区的实际状况各有不同,在精细化治理上也必然会有各种不同的路径探索。不论是网格化管理,还是街区生态重塑,都是具体治理过程中的有益尝试,正是这些因地制宜的实招高招,不断创新和丰富着北京城市治理的模式。超大城市治理本就纷繁复杂,前进路上只有更多尝试,才有更多经验,所有积极的创新探索都值得关注和思考。

在最美栈道凭栏而望,澄碧的湖水微波荡漾,幽幽的荷香沁人心脾,什刹海街区的变化令人欣喜,街区生态重塑等创新治理模式正火热推进。我们相信,随着更多精细化治理举措落地,一个继承传统、充满古韵的文化北京,一个开放创新、充满活力的品质北京将向我们快步走来。

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