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准确把握差别化房贷政策

2017-08-28 06:16:53   中国青年网

一些地方对首套房的认定标准,及相关银行上浮首套房贷利率,伤及刚需和改善性需求。因为,提高房贷利率意味着增加首套房贷者的购房成本,显然有悖楼市调控的初衷。银行应该准确理解差别化信贷政策的本意和出发点,把握好政策的方向和重点,把发力点放在有效遏制投资投机性购房上

近日,一些地方收紧楼市信贷政策的报道陆续见诸媒体。据报道,北京多数银行首套房贷利率仍执行基准利率,少数银行在基准利率上上浮了10%,多家银行表示不排除未来上调的可能性。有业内人士表示,一些首套房客户主动接受上浮10%,才能拿到贷款;有卖小换大者因之前有贷款记录,也只好按二套房计算,上浮20%。

楼市调控特别是实行差别化信贷政策,目的是为了突出和坚持“房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的”定位,限制信贷资金流向投资投机性购房,防范泡沫和金融风险,使房价理性回归,以满足更多的刚需和改善性需求。但一些地方对首套房标准的认定标准,及相关银行上浮首套房贷利率,却伤及刚需和改善性需求。因为,提高房贷利率意味着增加首套房贷者的购房成本,显然有悖楼市调控的初衷。

从另一角度看,信贷政策是调控经济的重要手段,如何制定及是否运用得当,对经济发展走势有重要影响。前两年,一线城市和部分热点二线城市的房地产市场价格飞涨,与那时的信贷政策不无关系。始于2012年后期的上一轮楼市调控,历经两年到三年的持续发力,到2015年上半年,实现了调控的最大效应,销售与价格均回落至最低点。但由于对土地财政欲罢不能,一些地区纷纷松绑调控政策。而且,2015年9月30日,有关部门出台政策,降低了房贷门槛。此后,一系列取消限购限贷限外、降低二套房贷门槛等措施,终为投资投机性购房洞开了方便之门,楼市价格出现大幅反弹。

楼市泡沫自然会带来金融隐患,甚至影响宏观经济。对此,中央始终保持高度关注。全国金融工作会议强调,要把防范金融风险放在重要位置。8月11日,中国人民银行发布的《2017年第二季度中国货币政策执行报告》强调,着力防范化解重点领域风险,牢牢守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线,要“严格执行差别化信贷政策,限制信贷流向投资投机性购房”。可见,一些银行收紧房贷业务,是出于落实全国金融工作会议精神、防范楼市泡沫和金融风险的考量。不过,相关银行也要准确全面地理解中央政策,确保信贷政策不伤及刚需和改善型居民购房需求。

具体来说,银行应该准确理解差别化信贷政策的本意和出发点,把握好政策的方向和重点,把发力点放在有效遏制投资投机性购房上。一方面,对首套房贷以及卖小换大者,应维持现行政策不变,确保刚需和最基本的改善型需求不因信贷政策变化而受不利影响;另一方面,对二套及以上房贷,可结合套数、面积等因素提高信贷门槛,直至停止发放贷款。此外,差异化信贷政策还要与其他调控措施相配套,打好组合拳。比如,为防止使用自有资金炒房,必须延长二手房上市交易时间,加大炒房交易的成本。还要积极研究、适时推出房地产税,尽快建立房地产市场平稳发展的长效机制,这样房地产市场才会步入平稳健康发展的轨道。

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