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质构科学:“设计”令人愉悦的美食

2017-08-27 06:16:46   中国青年网

调查显示,全球约有52%的消费者希望摄入更多膳食纤维。面对全球肥胖和糖尿病患者不断增加,越来越多消费者希望降低饮食中的热量、糖分、盐分和脂肪。

然而,从填饱肚子到营养过剩,如今消费者的要求越来越高,他们对食物既要求成分健康、营养丰富,还期望拥有美味口感。

如何在口味和健康之间实现完美平衡?日前在上海举行的“质构科学在乳品中的应用”研讨会上,专家们通过展示配料创新,探讨了质构科学在食品领域的应用前景。

面对当今质构科学的发展趋势和挑战,泰莱公司全球研发部高级副总裁李力红用简单的数学公式道出核心所在:三“加”和三“减”,即加营养、口味和口感;减糖、能量和脂肪。

“何谓质构?在食品领域,最终就是指口感。”李力红对记者表示,泰莱希望通过采用质构科学,提升食物口感,满足消费者在感官、清洁标签和营养等方面的诉求,创造出更健康、更美味的食品。

为此,泰莱公司研究员刘伟昌表示:简单烹饪便具有巨大力量。他从利用淀粉容积预测食品的质构,防止淀粉老化讲起,“市场上有很多可用于食品的增稠剂、胶凝剂,而淀粉是最经济的选择之一,人们每天都吃。但是,淀粉从流体到糊状形态复杂,不易控制。而质构给流体提供了一种体系,这非常适用于淀粉应用”。

那么,在具体操作中,不同淀粉含量会呈现出怎样的质构呢?如何最完美地发挥出淀粉功效?刘伟昌通过食物质构图中的淀粉分散体系展示了其展开、冷却、冷冻等过程。具体到食物中,东西黏不黏,稠不稠,是不是有回弹,这些都与口感和形状密切相关。刘伟昌举例说:“比如拌色拉,利用这一质构体系就会得到美味口感。开发质构图的作用就是知其所以然,通过质构科学设计出怡人的口味。”

为把科研理论转化成生产力和成果,为消费者创造出更多美味食品,质构科学家犹如一群玩魔方的孩子,正在实验室内将难以置信的事情变为可能——为解决营养和科学、应用和设计以及口味和功能方面的问题不断创新。

在泰莱公司位于德国的研发中心,几位科学家设计出一款稳定剂系统,成功将一种全新的饮料概念变为现实——其开发出的果冻饮料在常温下为液体,冷藏后则呈果冻状,并后续升级出气泡版本。鉴于亚洲消费者特别看重食物质构,科学家们还调整了产品原型,为亚洲年轻消费者带来一款深受欢迎,拥有独特常温和冷藏特性的饮料产品。

然而,如何才能知道一款新品是否受到欢迎呢?

专家介绍,这需要评测小组成员通过感官对食品的描述进行评测。评估人员将食物放到嘴里,用舌头和上颚对食品上下挤压。他们把食物初始黏度分成5个间隔,每个间隔重复5次,每当感觉到黏度变化时,就会记录达到这一变化时,所需要的挤压次数。最后,评估人员会根据食品质构不同,对其品尝的食物作出评测结果。

普通人眼中的食物原料,在质构专家看来,意味着无限可能——质构科学每天正为数百万消费者带去愉悦的美食体验,帮助其降低食物糖分和热量,强化膳食纤维,并确保出色的消化耐受性。

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