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整合大洋科考与极地科考 中国首次环球海洋综合科学考察起航

2017-08-28 20:21:09   中国青年网

新华社北京8月28日电(记者刘诗平)我国目前最先进的科考船——“向阳红01”科考船28日从青岛起航,执行中国首次环球海洋综合科学考察。这是我国首次将大洋科考与极地科考整合在一起的环球海洋综合科考,也是“向阳红01”科考船首次执行大洋和极地科考任务。

科考以中国大洋46航次和中国第34次南极科学考察(与“雪龙”号极地考察船联合组队)两部分为主体任务,在走航过程中进行环境、资源、气候、生态等多学科综合考察。

本环球航次由国家海洋局第一海洋研究所组织实施,计划分6个航段执行,第一航段在中印度洋海盆开展稀土资源调查、深海环境等综合调查;第二三航段在南大西洋洋中脊开展多金属硫化物及环境综合调查;第四航段在南极半岛周边开展海洋环境综合调查;第五六航段在东南太平洋海盆开展稀土资源和环境综合调查。走航过程中,全程开展水文气象、海水化学、浮游生物、叶绿素、营养盐、大洋微塑料、海漂垃圾、放射性核素、海洋测绘与探空气球等综合调查测量任务。

国家海洋局副局长林山青表示,本环球航次肩负大洋、极地、全球环境热点等多项任务,突破了以往任务单一组队模式,打通不同航次任务目标,有效整合资源,提高航次效率,开创了我国海洋考察的先例,对前瞻布局新的学科生长点,扩大我国海洋调查影响力,具有重要意义。

国家海洋局第一海洋研究所所长李铁刚说,本环球航次将实现资源、环境、气候三位一体的高度融合:深化富稀土沉积物、多金属硫化物分布范围及成矿规律认识;了解海洋水文与气象、海气通量、海洋地质地球物理、海洋生物与生态、海洋化学、海洋遥感等环境要素的时空分布规律;深化季风系统之间、洋流系统之间和高低纬度之间的内在联系过程与机理研究。同时,关注大洋微塑料、漂浮垃圾、大洋缺氧带和海洋酸化等全球海洋热点科学问题。

其中,在环球航次第四航段,“向阳红01”船将与“雪龙”号联合执行中国第34次南极科学考察。具备破冰能力的“雪龙”号主要研究区域集中在冰区范围内,“向阳红01”船与“雪龙”号联合组队形成优势互补,利用“向阳红01”船上先进的科考设备,对南极半岛周边海域进行多学科综合考察,为研究南极地区的现在、过去和未来提供重要的科学支撑数据。

业内人士认为,本环球航次主要集中在人类认知相对比较薄弱的南半球,横跨南印度洋、南大西洋和东南太平洋,探索南半球大洋岩石圈、水圈、大气圈和生物圈之间的多圈层相互作用规律,这意味着我国在海洋科考领域创新又迈出坚实一步,将有助于从多学科、多参数、多视角、大区域的角度认知海洋。

由国家海洋局第一海洋研究所组织实施的本次科考,参与单位包括国家海洋局北海分局、国家海洋环境预报中心、国家卫星海洋应用中心、中国极地研究中心、国家深海基地管理中心、国家海洋局第三海洋研究所、中国海洋大学、南京大学、成都理工大学等。

为期260天的本次科考,航程约35000海里,相当于绕地球1.5圈,预计2018年5月15日返回青岛。

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