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科学课将成小学一年级必修课 专家详解科学教育从娃娃抓起

2017-08-27 19:30:43   新华网

新华社北京8月27日电(记者 赵琬微)今年秋季学期开始,我国将从小学一年级起开设科学课。此前,科学课从小学三至六年级设置。本次调整不仅改变了科学课的起始年级,也修订了课程目标。

专家认为,要大力提倡科学教育从“娃娃”抓起,让更多科学家走进校园,科学精神应成为每一个家庭重视培养、贯穿人们一生的基本素养。

  变化:新增“科学、技术、社会与环境”教学目标

“过去,科学课在整个九年义务教育阶段并未受到应有的重视。”中国教育科学研究院副研究员、小学科学教育研究中心主任、教科版《科学》教材主编郁波认为,此前我们在课程开发、师资培训、教材建设等方面取得了一些进步,但满足不了国家发展需要以及孩子们和老师们的需求。

与2001年颁布的《全日制义务教育科学(3-6年级)课程标准(实验稿)》相比,新版的课程标准将科学课的性质由“启蒙课程”改为“基础课程”,地位更加重要。课程目标除了科学知识、科学探究、科学态度外,还新增“科学、技术、社会与环境”的教学目标,要求学生了解人类活动对自然环境和社会变迁的影响,在科学技术的研究实验中考虑伦理道德的价值取向。

在教学内容方面,新修订课标新增了“技术与工程领域”的相关内容,更加重视培养孩子的创新能力、动手操作和实践能力。

  关键:保护孩子好奇心 培养科学态度

“认识空气”“水沸腾现象的观察”“西瓜虫有耳朵吗?”……在教育部今年下发的《义务教育小学科学课程标准》中,这些来自生活的科学现象,都成为生动的教学案例。新课标要求学生学会通过多种方法寻找证据,运用创造性思维和逻辑推理解决问题,倡导探究式学习。

“学校能从一年级开设科学课,我太支持了。”北京一位年轻的妈妈说,孩子对大千世界非常好奇,作为家长常常不能回答孩子的疑惑,一边回答,一边偷偷上网查资料,平时常常通过绘本等方式带孩子进行科学启蒙,希望科学课让孩子的好奇心得到充分发挥和满足。

上海新普陀小学三年级学生“小叶子”说,自己对科学产生兴趣是在动画片《疯狂动物城》看到一段情节讲兔子的繁殖能力很强,觉得好奇,后来就对生命科学产生了兴趣。

受访教师认为,年龄不能作为区分孩子水平的“门槛”,低年级的孩子个体差异很大。开展科学教育应注重方法、因材施教,多开展观察、实验活动。此外,随着学业压力的增加,高年级学生的好奇心会逐渐减弱,要更注重科学精神的培养和远大理想的树立。

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