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残疾预防:从“早发现、早诊断、早干预”开始

2017-08-24 18:21:23   新华网

新华社广州8月24日电(记者肖思思、罗争光)8月25日是我国首个“残疾预防日”。根据第二次全国残疾人抽样调查推算,我国残疾人每年增加约200万人。专家认为,残疾预防,关键在“早发现、早诊断、早干预”。

根据中国残疾人事业统计资料,2014年度新办证残疾人229.3万人,主要致残原因有:视力残疾(视网膜色素膜病变、白内障)、听力残疾(老年性耳聋)、言语残疾(听力障碍)、肢体残疾(外伤、脑血管疾病、骨关节病)、智力残疾(脑疾病)、精神残疾(精神分裂症)。

全国每年新生缺陷儿约90万例。出生缺陷致残防控是重中之重。据广东省妇幼保健院产前诊断中心主任尹爱华介绍,唐氏综合征是最常见的染色体异常疾病,也是全世界发病率最高的遗传病之一。唐氏患者因智力极度低下,并伴有各种先天严重缺陷而给家庭和社会造成极大负担,因此,通过有效产前筛查与诊断及时干预是目前防治唐氏儿最有效措施。

妇产科专家建议,为更有效预防出生缺陷,在加强婚检的同时还应提倡孕前保健。

在儿童听力残疾方面,广东省第二人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科彭宏主任认为,听力障碍特别是儿童听力障碍通过“早发现,早诊断,早干预”可以让听力障碍儿童回归正常生活。先天失聪或在出生早期就患有听力缺损的儿童,如果在出生后6至9个月内明确听力损失并给予适当干预,患儿5岁时的语言能力与正常儿童基本没有差别。

视障方面,据中山大学中山眼科中心陈伟蓉教授介绍,白内障是引起失明的第一大眼病,多见于60岁以上的人群。预防白内障需避开强光及紫外线,必要时可佩戴太阳镜进行遮挡;避免过量饮酒、抽烟,还要注意控制血糖、血压等;注意饮食、均衡营养。定期到医院进行眼部体检,发现有白内障症状及时就医治疗。

此外,先天性白内障是儿童常见的致盲眼病。陈伟蓉介绍,先天性白内障的病因学研究表明,遗传因素占30%至50%。此外,母亲有在怀孕最初的3个月时间内患过水痘、疱疹、带状疱疹、麻疹或流感等病毒感染性疾病的,应该特别注意孩子是否患有先天性白内障。

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