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残疾可预防应成全民共识

2017-08-26 04:11:55   中国青年网

【光明时评】

8月25日是我国首个“残疾预防日”。设立“残疾预防日”,旨在唤起全社会的残疾预防意识,普及残疾预防知识,推进全民参与、综合干预的残疾预防行动,也彰显了全社会对加快残疾预防事业发展的迫切需求。

近年来,残疾预防事业受到党中央、国务院的高度重视,也越来越受到社会各界的关注,残疾预防工作取得显著成效。2016年9月国务院办公厅印发《国家残疾预防行动计划(2016—2020)》,对加强残疾预防,有效减少、控制残疾的发生、发展作出部署。2017年7月1日正式实施的《残疾预防和残疾人康复条例》为残疾预防和残疾人康复事业的发展提供了保障。但是,我国有8500多万残疾人,平均每16人中就有1名残疾人,而且随着近些年致残因素的复杂化、多样化,我国每年新增残疾人近200万,残疾预防形势仍十分严峻。

世界卫生组织专家认为,利用现有技术可以使至少50%的残疾得以控制或者延迟发生。因此,摒弃以前先“致病”后“治病”的老套路,把致残风险消灭在“萌芽”阶段,推进残疾预防尤为重要。

重视早期预防和干预,可以从源头减少残疾发生。早期预防和干预是更有效地预防残疾的方式,可以使残疾儿童的发生率降到最低限度,使残障的程度降到最低水平。一些研究证明,许多残障儿童的产生就是因为对出生前后有关可能致残因素缺乏重视。0~6岁是儿童发展的关键期,早期发现、早期诊断及早期干预尤为重要,这不仅是家庭、医院和早期教育机构的责任,而且需要全社会予以关注和支持。及早发现儿童的问题,开展科学的早期诊断,不失时机地从医学、康复、教育、社会角度对高危儿童进行早期干预,可以最大限度减少残疾的发生及其影响。

残疾预防当构筑三级预防体系,完善残疾预防系统工程。一级预防消除引发伤病的危险因素;二级预防及时干预伤病,防止因病致残;三级预防重康复,补偿缺陷、改善功能,这是残疾预防的最后一道重要防线,也是保障残疾人提高生活质量、更好融入社会的重要支持。这种模式是世界卫生组织和各国残疾预防的有效实践经验。构建多层级、递进式的预防体系,可以减少残疾的发生,预防继发性障碍的出现,为全人群、全生命周期的健康提供坚实保障。

加强对于残疾预防的宣传,让残疾可以预防的观念深入人心,成为全民共识,是设立“残疾预防日”的应有之义。当前,我国残疾人康复服务总体能力较弱,服务水平不高,康复制度有待完善,全民预防残疾的意识不强,这些都不容忽视。加强防控意识,让大家都认识到残疾是可控可防的,把防控做在前头,实现残疾人有质量、公平地参与社会生活,这是残疾预防的目的,也是我国残疾人事业发展的终极目标。

(作者:朱楠 系华中师范大学教育学院特殊教育系教师)

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